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Small hive beetle, Aethina tumida, populations II: Dispersal of small hive beetles

Les populations du Petit coléoptère des ruches, Aethina tumida II: dispersion des Petits coléoptères des ruches

Populationen des Kleinen Beutenkäfers Aethina tumida II: Ausbreitung des Kleinen Beutenkäfers

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Abstract

Small hive beetles (= SHB), Aethina tumida, are parasites and scavengers of honeybee colonies and actively disperse for host finding. We investigated the re-infestation levels of SHB-free colonies within ten infested apiaries in South Africa, Australia and the USA. Re-infestation of 95% of the colonies indicates a high SHB exchange between colonies. Colony position and queen status had no influence on colony infestation levels. Spread into apiaries was determined at twelve SHB-free apiaries. While apiaries in Maryland remained un-infested, those in Australia showed high infestation numbers. Apiary density, SHB population levels and ongoing SHB mass reproduction seem to govern SHB infestation of newly installed apiaries. Those located in forested habitats showed higher infestation levels possibly due to the presence of wild/feral colonies. The results elucidate factors influencing SHB dispersal and the role of human-mediated spread, enabling improved control of SHB.

Zusammenfassung

Die Kenntnis über die Ausbreitungsfähigkeit von Schadinsekten ist wichtig für deren Kontrolle. Hier berichten wir von der Befallsdynamik von zuvor unbefallenen Kolonien durch Kleine Beutenkäfer (= KBK), Aethina tumida, einem Parasiten von Honigbienenvölkern. Um die Ausbreitung des Kleinen Beutenkäfers zwischen den Völkern eines Bienenstandes zu untersuchen, wurden die Reinfektionsgrade von 71 Käfer-freien Kolonien nach zwei Wochen in zehn kommerziellen Bienenständen in Südafrika, Australien und den USA bestimmt (Abb. 1). Die Reinfektion von 95 % aller Bienenvölker weist auf einen hohen Austausch von KBK zwischen Kolonien desselben Bienenstandes hin (Tab. I). Weisellosigkeit oder Kolonieposition hatten dabei keinen Einfluss auf die Befallsstärke der Völker (Tab. II). Allerdings gab es eine signifikante positive Korrelation zwischen der durchschnittlichen Befallszahl eines Standes und dessen Reinfektionshöhe. Der Zuflug von KBK von außerhalb in die Bienenstände wurde bestimmt, indem die Reinfektionszahlen von zwölf KBK-freien, experimentellen Bienenständen mit je fünf bzw. sechs Kolonien nach zwei Wochen untersucht wurden. Die Ausbreitungsaktivität unterschied sich zwischen den verschiedenen Regionen. Während die experimentellen Bienenstände in Maryland nicht befallen wurden, wurden diese in Australien und Südafrika reinfiziert (Tab. I). Faktoren wie die Dichte von Bienenständen, die KBK-Populationsgröße sowie das Vorkommen von wilden Bienenvölkern scheinen einen Einfluss auf die Ausbreitungsaktivität des KBK zu haben (Tab. III). Der ausbleibende Zuflug von KBK in Maryland deutet daraufhin, dass die Wanderimkerei der Hauptweg für die Ausbreitung des KBK über lange Distanzen ist; insbesondere in Gegenden mit geringen KBK-Populationsgrößen. Während drei aufeinanderfolgenden Inspektionen von Australischen Bienenständen, wies ein Stand auf einer Wiese konstant geringere Befallszahlen auf als die drei übrigen Stände in einem bewaldeten Gebiet. Das Habitat eines Bienenstandes scheint somit dessen Befallszahlen beeinflussen zu können (Tab. IV). Angesichts unserer Ergebnisse, sollte die Behandlung von Völkern gegen KBK an einem Bienenstand stets zeitgleich stattfinden, um eine Reinfektion mit Käfern aus unbehandelten Völkern zu vermeiden. Wenn möglich, sollten zudem die oben genannten Faktoren bei der Einrichtung eines Bienenstandes berücksichtigt werden. Um die Ausbreitung des KBK innerhalb einer Region besser kontrollieren zu können, sollte der Fokus auf die Wanderung mit Bienenvölkern gelegt werden.

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Correspondence to Sebastian Spiewok.

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Spiewok, S., Duncan, M., Spooner-Hart, R. et al. Small hive beetle, Aethina tumida, populations II: Dispersal of small hive beetles. Apidologie 39, 683–693 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:2008054

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