* Corresponding authors

^a Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
E-mail: wangjsh@bjut.edu.cn

^b The Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
E-mail: gaod@pitt.edu

^c The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
E-mail: gul6@pitt.edu

^d State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China