* Corresponding authors

^a Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn 3122, Australia
E-mail: xwen@swin.edu.au, bjia@swin.edu.au

^b South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics & International Academy of Optoelectronics at Zhaoqing, South China Normal University, Guangdong, P. R. China

^c Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia

^d Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China

^e National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China

^f Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China

^g Center for Future Optoelectronic Functional Materials, School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China

^h College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China