Grain growth study of perovskite thin films prepared by flash evaporation and its effect on solar cell performance

Haitao Xu; Yanglin Wu; Fuzong Xu; Jiabin Zhu; Chaowei Ni; Wenzhen Wang; Feng Hong; Run Xu; Fei Xu; Jian Huang; Linjun Wang

doi:10.1039/C6RA07549E

Grain growth study of perovskite thin films prepared by flash evaporation and its effect on solar cell performance†

Haitao Xu,^a Yanglin Wu,^a Fuzong Xu,^a Jiabin Zhu,^a Chaowei Ni,^a Wenzhen Wang,^a Feng Hong,^b Run Xu,*^a Fei Xu,*^bc Jian Huang^a and Linjun Wang*^a

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* Corresponding authors

^a School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
E-mail: runxu@staff.shu.edu.cn, ljwang@staff.shu.edu.cn

^b SHU-Solar E R&D Lab, Department of Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
E-mail: feixu@staff.shu.edu.cn

^c State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and of Micro and Nano Photonic Structure (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China

Abstract

Flash evaporation is a vacuum-based evaporation method that is particularly suitable to prepare perovskite films for solar cell devices. Growth pressure has been found to be a critical parameter for perovskite film growth. The transport-determined growth mechanism is discussed in detail. The dense MAPbI₃ films can be achieved only under a low growth pressure of 5 × 10⁻³ Pa, while a rough surface covered by step-like grains and voids is found for MAPbI₃ films grown under a high Ar pressure of 10 Pa. In addition, we found that the presence of PbI₂ phase in the perovskite films could suppress the growth of the grain size; by using precursors with a high MAI/PbI₂ ratio, evaporated MAPbI₃ films with grain sizes larger than 500 nm can be achieved. The average power conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cells increased from 1.82% to 10.01% with increasing grain size, indicating the universal importance of controlling the perovskite grain size for the performance improvement of solar cells based on both solution and evaporated perovskite films.

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Grain growth study of perovskite thin films prepared by flash evaporation and its effect on solar cell performance†

Abstract

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