Highly efficient conversion of biomass-derived levulinic acid into γ-valerolactone over Ni/MgO catalyst†
Abstract
Hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) was investigated with several supported Ni catalysts for the production of γ-valerolactone (GVL). The catalysts have been characterized with different techniques (XRD, N2 adsorption–desorption, TPR, ICP-AES, TEM). Under optimal reaction conditions of 150 °C, 1.0 MPa and 20 mL i-PrOH for 2 h, the highest selectivity (93.3%) of GVL was obtained. The productivity reached 0.32 molGVL gmetal−1 h−1, which was highest compared with all reported Ni-based catalysts.