Issue 16, 2015

3-Methylpiperidinium ionic liquids

Abstract

A wide range of room temperature ionic liquids based on the 3-methylpiperdinium cation core were produced from 3-methylpiperidine, which is a derivative of DYTEK® A amine. First, reaction with 1-bromoalkanes or 1-bromoalkoxyalkanes generated the corresponding tertiary amines (Rmβpip, R = alkyl or alkoxyalkyl); further quaternisation reactions with the appropriate methylating agents yielded the quaternary [Rmmβpip]X salts (X = I, [CF3CO2] or [OTf]; Tf = –SO2CF3), and [Rmmβpip][NTf2] were prepared by anion metathesis from the corresponding iodides. All [NTf2] salts are liquids at room temperature. [Rmmβpip]X (X = I, [CF3CO2] or [OTf]) are low-melting solids when R = alkyl, but room temperature liquids upon introduction of ether functionalities on R. Neither of the 3-methylpiperdinium ionic liquids showed any signs of crystallisation, even well below 0 °C. Some related non-C-substituted piperidinium and pyrrolidinium analogues were prepared and studied for comparison. Crystal structures of 1-hexyl-1,3-dimethylpiperidinium tetraphenylborate, 1-butyl-3-methylpiperidinium bromide, 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1-methylpiperidinium chloride and 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidinium bromide are reported. Extensive structural and physical data are collected and compared to literature data, with special emphasis on the systematic study of the cation ring size and/or asymmetry effects on density, viscosity and ionic conductivity, allowing general trends to be outlined. Cyclic voltammetry shows that 3-methylpiperidinium ionic liquids, similarly to azepanium, piperidinium or pyrrolidinium counterparts, are extremely electrochemically stable; the portfolio of useful alternatives for safe and high-performing electrolytes is thus greatly extended.

Graphical abstract: 3-Methylpiperidinium ionic liquids

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
17 Dec 2014
Accepted
27 Jan 2015
First published
28 Jan 2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2015,17, 10398-10416

Author version available

3-Methylpiperidinium ionic liquids

T. Belhocine, S. A. Forsyth, H. Q. N. Gunaratne, M. Nieuwenhuyzen, P. Nockemann, A. V. Puga, K. R. Seddon, G. Srinivasan and K. Whiston, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2015, 17, 10398 DOI: 10.1039/C4CP05936K

To request permission to reproduce material from this article, please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission provided correct acknowledgement is given.

If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you want to reproduce the whole article in a third-party publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content.

Social activity

Spotlight

Advertisements