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Microwave discharge electrodeless lamps (MDEL)

Part VII. Photo-isomerization of trans-urocanic acid in aqueous media driven by UV light from a novel Hg-free Dewar-like microwave discharge thermally-insulated electrodeless lamp (MDTIEL). Performance evaluation

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Abstract

A novel mercury-free Dewar-like (double-walled structure) microwave discharge thermally-insulated electrodeless lamp (MDTIEL) was fabricated and its performance evaluated using the photo-isomerization of trans-urocanic acid (trans-UA) in aqueous media as a test process driven by the emitted UV light when ignited with microwave radiation. The photo-isomerization processes trans-UA → cis-UA and cis-UA → trans-UA were re-visited using light emitted from a conventional high-pressure Hg light source and examined for the influence of UV light irradiance and solution temperature; the temperature dependence of the trans → cis process displayed a negative activation energy, Ea = -1.3 cal mol−1. To control the photo-isomerization of urocanic acid from the heat usually dissipated by a microwave discharge electrodeless lamp (single-walled MDEL), it was necessary to suppress the microwave-initiated heat. For comparison, the gas-fill in the MDEL lamp, which typically consists of a mixture of Hg and Ar, was changed to the more eco-friendly N2 gas in the novel MDTIEL device. The dynamics of the photo-isomerization of urocanic acid driven by the UV wavelengths of the N2-MDTIEL light source were compared to those from the more conventional single-walled N2-MDEL and Hg/Ar-MDEL light sources, and with those from the Hg lamp used to irradiate, via a fiber optic, the photoreactor located in the wave-guide of the microwave apparatus. The heating efficiency of a solution with the double-walled N2-MDTIEL was compared to the efficiency from the single-walled N2-MDEL device. Advantages of N2-MDTIEL are described from a comparison of the dynamics of the trans-UA → cis-UA process on the basis of unit surface area of the lamp and unit power consumption. The considerably lower temperature on the external surface of the N2-MDTIEL light source should make it attractive in carrying out photochemical reactions that may be heat-sensitive such as the photothermochromic urocanic acid system.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Material & Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyodaku, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan

    Satoshi Horikoshi

  2. Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan

    Satoshi Horikoshi & Masahiko Abe

  3. Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry in Faculty of Science Tokyo, University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan

    Tatsuro Sato, Kazutami Sakamoto & Masahiko Abe

  4. Gruppo Fotochimico, Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita di Pavia, Via Taramelli 10, Pavia, 27100, Italia

    Nick Serpone

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  1. Satoshi Horikoshi
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  2. Tatsuro Sato
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  3. Kazutami Sakamoto
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  4. Masahiko Abe
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  5. Nick Serpone
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Correspondence to Satoshi Horikoshi or Nick Serpone.

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† Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c1pp05059a

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Horikoshi, S., Sato, T., Sakamoto, K. et al. Microwave discharge electrodeless lamps (MDEL). Photochem Photobiol Sci 10, 1239–1248 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/c1pp05059a

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