Abstract
In accordance with the data reporting the identification of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) positive nerve fibres in the trabecular meshwork of the corpus cavernosum, we suggest that nitric oxide (NO) and VIP may serve complementary physiological roles in penile erection. Therefore SIN-1 and VIP were administered alone and in combination in an in vivo rabbit model. All rabbits revealed basal pressure values of 5–8 cm H2O intracavernously. In the rabbits intracavernously (i.c.) injected with SIN-1 alone and VIP alone, no adequate erectile responses were observed. Whereas, in the group intracavernously injected with the combination of SIN-1+VIP, erectile responses with mean maximal intracavernous pressure (max. ICP) 52.8 (±13.2) cm H2O were noted. These pressure elevations do not statistically diverge (P>0.05) than the ones obtained in the control group administered i.c. injections of the combination of papaverine/phentolamine (mean max. ICP 51 (±14.73) cm H2O). Referring to our results, we conclude that the combined use of SIN-1+VIP could play an important role in the physiological treatment of erectile dysfunction.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 8 print issues and online access
$259.00 per year
only $32.38 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Lue TF, Tanagho EA. . Hemodynamics of erection. In: Tanagho EA, Lue TF, McClure RD (eds). Contemporary Management of Impotence and Infertility. Williams and Wilkins: Baltimore 1988 pp 28–38.
Fournier GR, Jünemann KP, Lue TF, Tanagho EA. . Mechanisms of venous occlusion during canine penile erection: an anatomic demonstration. J Urol 1987 137: 163–167.
Sparwasser C, Drescher P, Will JA, Madsen PO. . Smooth muscle tone regulation in rabbit cavernosal and spongiosal tissue by cyclic AMP- and cyclic GMP-dependent mechanisms. J Urol 1994 152: 2159–2163.
Saenzde Tajeda I et al . Cholinergic neurotransmission in human corpus cavernosum. Responses of isolated tissue. Am J Physiol 1988 254: H459–H467.
Ehmke H, Jünemann KP, Mayer B, Kummer W. . Nitric oxide synthase and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide colocalization in neurons innervating the human penile circulation. Int J Impot Res 1995 7: 147–156.
Stief CG, Noack T, Andersson KE. . Signal transduction in cavernous smooth muscle. World J Urol 1997 15: 27–31.
Wagner G, Brindley GS. . Effect of atropine and alpha blockers on human penile erection. In: Zorgniotti AW, Rossi G (eds). Vasculogenic Impotence. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas 1980 77.
Andersson PO, Bloom SR, Mellander S. . Haemodynamics of pelvic nerve induced penile erection in the dog: possible mediation by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. J Physiol 1984 350: 209–224.
Ottesen B, Wagner G, Sundler F, Fahrenkrug J. . Penile erection: possible role for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide as a neurotransmitter. Br Med J 1984 288: 9–11.
Shirai M et al . Content and distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in cavernous tissue of human penis. Urology 1990 35: 360–363.
Jünemann KP et al . The role of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide as a neurotransmitter in canine penile erection: a combined in vivo and immunohistochemical study. J Urol 1987 138: 871–877.
Kiely EA, Bloom SR, Williams G. . Penile response to intracavernosal vasoactive intestinal polypeptide alone and in combination with other vasoactive agents. Br J Urol 1989 64: 191–194.
Ignarro LJ et al . Nitric oxide and cyclic GMP formation upon electrical stimulation cause relaxation of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1990 170: 843–850.
Bult H et al . Nitric oxide as an inhibitory nonadrenergic noncholinergic neurotransmitter. Nature 1990 345: 346–347.
Bredt DS, Hwang PM, Synder SH. . Localization of nitric oxide synthase indicating a neural role for nitric oxide. Nature 1990 347: 768–770.
Kim N, Azadzoi KM, Goldstein I, Saenz de Tajeda I. . A nitric oxide like factor mediates non adrenergic non cholinergic neurogenic relaxation of penile corpus cavernosum smooth muscle. J Clin Invest 1991 88: 112–118.
Vanhatalo S, Klinge E, Sjostrand NO, Soinila S. . Nitric oxide synthesising neurons originating at several different levels innervate rat penis. Neuroscience 1996 75: 891–899.
Hayashida H, Okamura T, Tomoyoshi T, Toda N. . Neurogenic nitric oxide mediates relaxation of canine corpus cavernosum. J Urol 1996 155: 1122–1127.
Reilly CM, Lewis RW, Stopper VS, Mills TM. . Androgenic maintenance of the rat erectile response via a non nitric oxide dependent pathway. J Androl 1997 18: 588–594.
Andersson KE, Stief CG. . Neurotransmission and the contraction and relaxation of penile erectile tissue. World J Urol 1997 15: 14–20.
Maher E et al . Vasoactive intestinal peptide and impotence in experimental diabetes mellitus. Br J Urol 1996 97: 271–278.
Wang R et al . Penile erections induced by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and sodium nitroprusside. Urol Res 1993 21: 75–78.
Porst H. . Prostaglandin E1 and the nitric oxide donor linsidomine for erectile failure: a diagnostic comparative study of 40 patients. J Urol 1993 149: 1280–1283.
Wegner HE, Knispel HH. . Effect of nitric oxide donor linsidomine chlorhydrate in treatment of human erectile dysfunction caused by venous leakage. Urology 1993 42: 409–411.
Tarhan F et al . Effect of intracavernosal sodium nitroprusside in impotence. Urol Int 1996 56: 211–214.
Kirkeby HJ, Lundbech PE, Djurhuus JC, Forman A. . Effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, peptide histidine methionine and neuropeptide Y on intracavernous pressure in rabbit. Urology 1992 40: 270–276.
Said SI. . Nitric oxide and vasoactive intestinal peptide: cotransmitters of smooth muscle relaxation. News Physiol Sci 1992 7: 181–183.
Snyder SH. . Nitric oxide: first in a new class of neurotransmitters? Science 1992 257: 494–496.
Toda N, Okamura T. . Role of nitric oxide in neurally induced cerebroarterial relaxation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1991 258: 1027–1032.
Makhlouf GM, Grider JR. . Nonadrenergic noncholinergic inhibitory transmitters of the gut. News Physiol Sci 1993 8: 195–199.
Stief CG et al . Preliminary results with the nitric oxide donor linsidomine chlorhydrate in the treatment of human erectile dysfunction. J Urol 1992 148: 1437–1440.
Meyer MF et al . Intracavernous application of SIN-1 in rabbit and man: functional and toxicological results. Ann Urol (Paris) 1993 27: 179–182.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sazova, O., Kadioğlu, A., Gürkan, L. et al. Intracavernous administration of SIN-1+VIP in an in vivo rabbit model for erectile function. Int J Impot Res 14, 44–49 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijir.3900813
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijir.3900813