Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is thought to be a key mediator of the inflammatory and fibrotic response to Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection. A large matched-pair case–control study investigated putative functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region, including TNF and its immediate neighbors nuclear factor of κ light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells (IκBL), inhibitor like 1 and lymphotoxin alpha (LTA) in relation to the risk of scarring sequelae of ocular Ct infection. Haplotype and linkage disequilibrium analysis demonstrated two haplotypes, differing at position TNF-308, conferring an increased risk of trichiasis. The TNF-308A allele, and its bearing haplotype, correlated with increased TNF production in lymphocyte cultures stimulated with chlamydial elementary body antigen. Thus TNF-308A may determine directly, or be a marker of a high TNF producer phenotype associated with increased risk of sequelae of chlamydial infection. Multivariate analysis provided evidence for the presence of additional risk-associated variants near the TNF locus.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the study participants, field workers and laboratory staff at the Medical Research Council Laboratories in The Gambia for their assistance. We thank Melanie Newport and Arnaud Marchant for their advice on the TNF induction experiments. This work was supported by the Medical Research Council (UK).
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Natividad, A., Hanchard, N., Holland, M. et al. Genetic variation at the TNF locus and the risk of severe sequelae of ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Gambians. Genes Immun 8, 288–295 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.gene.6364384
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.gene.6364384
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