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Illusions Reign Supreme on Halloween

Spooky illusions trick and treat your brain

“What difference do it make if the thing you scared of is real or not?”

—Toni Morrison
Song of Solomon

Halloween celebrates illusion. Even if we manage to ignore flights of fancy the other 364 days of the year, come October 31 we set out to enjoy trickery and pretense. We disguise ourselves, we carve malevolent expressions in bland, innocuous pumpkins and we do our best to suspend our disbelief as we enter supposedly haunted houses. We become illusion creators as well as willing victims. We seek fake fear. But costumes for our masquerades are not the only deceptions that Halloween brings you. Any emotion you experience, whether it be fright or delight, is real only in your mind. In a neural sense, all of us are afraid of “ghosts”; we all have irrational fears that are disconnected from fact (bugs and small spaces are some of our own personal phobias). With its harmless thrills and scares, Halloween pushes gently on the limits of the reality that our brain constructs. And one thing about limits, as Michael Jordan said in his Hall of Fame induction speech in 2009, is that “like fears, [they] are often just an illusion.”


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  » View the Halloween Illusions Slide Show   

(Further Reading)

Mind Sights: Original Visual Illusions, Ambiguities, and Other Anomalies, with a Commentary on the Play of Mind in Perception and Art. R. N. Shepard. W. H. Freeman, 1990.

From Presence to Consciousness through Virtual Reality. M. V. Sanchez-Vives and M. Slater in Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Vol. 6, No. 4, pages 332–339; April 2005.

Ray Villafane's Pumpkins. R. Villafane. Gibbs Smith, 2012.

Stephen L. Macknik is a professor of opthalmology, neurology, and physiology and pharmacology at SUNY Downstate Medical Center in Brooklyn, N.Y. Along with Susana Martinez-Conde and Sandra Blakeslee, he is author of the Prisma Prize-winning Sleights of Mind. Their forthcoming book, Champions of Illusion, will be published by Scientific American/Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

More by Stephen L. Macknik

Susana Martinez-Conde is a professor of ophthalmology, neurology, and physiology and pharmacology at SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University in Brooklyn, N.Y. She is author of the Prisma Prize–winning Sleights of Mind, along with Stephen Macknik and Sandra Blakeslee, and of Champions of Illusion, along with Stephen Macknik.

More by Susana Martinez-Conde
SA Mind Vol 23 Issue 5This article was originally published with the title “Afraid of Shadows” in SA Mind Vol. 23 No. 5 (), p. 23
doi:10.1038/scientificamericanmind1112-23