Skip to main content

Shrinking Circuits with Water

Semiconductor manufacturers are giving their products a dousing in the name of faster, smaller, cheaper


On supporting science journalism

If you're enjoying this article, consider supporting our award-winning journalism by subscribing. By purchasing a subscription you are helping to ensure the future of impactful stories about the discoveries and ideas shaping our world today.


Physicist Giovanni Battista Amiciplaced a drop of liquid on a specimen in his Florence laboratory, improving the quality of the image seen through his microscope's eyepiece. Now, 165 years later, the global semiconductor industry is just getting around to adopting Amici's innovative technique.

The decision to baptize chips under a thin liquid stratum will allow the making of circuits with features that measure the breadth of a virus. Such a retro solution--the 19th century meets the 21st--also serves as a fitting commemoration of the 40th anniversary of the semiconductor industry's most influential technical paper, a treatise by Intel co-founder Gordon E. Moore entitled "Cramming More Components onto Integrated Circuits." Moore's prediction that the number of transistors on a chip would double every 12 months (later revised to every 24 months) transmuted from mere forecast into ironclad edict, the equivalent of a law of nature that ordains that the industry will suffer some unspecified but assuredly grievous injury if chip power does not continue to grow in exponential leaps every two years.

Gary Stix, the neuroscience and psychology editor for Scientific American, edits and reports on emerging advances that have propelled brain science to the forefront of the biological sciences. Stix has edited or written cover stories, feature articles and news on diverse topics, ranging from what happens in the brain when a person is immersed in thought to the impact of brain implant technology that alleviates mood disorders like depression. Before taking over the neuroscience beat, Stix, as Scientific American's special projects editor, oversaw the magazine's annual single-topic special issues, conceiving of and producing issues on Einstein, Darwin, climate change and nanotechnology. One special issue he edited on the topic of time in all of its manifestations won a National Magazine Award. Stix is the author with his wife Miriam Lacob of a technology primer called Who Gives a Gigabyte: A Survival Guide to the Technologically Perplexed.

More by Gary Stix
Scientific American Magazine Vol 293 Issue 1This article was originally published with the title “Shrinking Circuits with Water” in Scientific American Magazine Vol. 293 No. 1 ()