Retraction of: Scientific Reports https://doi.org/10.1038/srep26051, published online 17 May 2016

Editors have retracted this Article.

After publication of this paper concerns about ethical oversight of this study were brought to the attention of the Editors. The Authors were not able to provide documentation of appropriate approval from an ethics committee in either Niger or Senegal, where the participants in this study were based.

Catherine Robert agrees with this retraction. Matthieu Million, Jean-Christophe Lagier, Souleymane Brah, Cheikh Sokhna, Philippe Parola, and Didier Raoult disagree with this retraction. Caroline Michelle and Bernard Henrissat did not explicitly state whether they agree with this retraction. Maryam Tidjani Alou, Saber Khelaifia, Dipankar Bachar, Niokhor Dione, Perrine Hugon, Vincent Lombard, Fabrice Armougom, Julien Fromonot, Alexandre Fabre, and Régis Guieu did not respond to correspondence from the Editors about this retraction. The Editors were not able to confirm current contact details for Aldiouma Diallo.