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Orchestration between ILC2s and Th2 cells in shaping type 2 immune responses

Cellular & Molecular Immunology volume 16, pages 225–235 (2019)Cite this article

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Abstract

The type 2 immune response is critical for host defense against large parasites such as helminths. On the other hand, dysregulation of the type 2 immune response may cause immunopathological conditions, including asthma, atopic dermatitis, rhinitis, and anaphylaxis. Thus, a balanced type 2 immune response must be achieved to mount effective protection against invading pathogens while avoiding immunopathology. The classical model of type 2 immunity mainly involves the differentiation of type 2 T helper (Th2) cells and the production of distinct type 2 cytokines, including interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) were recently recognized as another important source of type 2 cytokines. Although eosinophils, mast cells, and basophils can also express type 2 cytokines and participate in type 2 immune responses to various degrees, the production of type 2 cytokines by the lymphoid lineages, Th2 cells, and ILC2s in particular is the central event during the type 2 immune response. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of how ILC2s and Th2 cells orchestrate type 2 immune responses through direct and indirect interactions.

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Acknowledgements

R.K.G. and J.Z. are supported by the Division of Intramural Research of NIAID (US National Institutes of Health).

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  1. Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA

    Rama Krishna Gurram & Jinfang Zhu

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Gurram, R.K., Zhu, J. Orchestration between ILC2s and Th2 cells in shaping type 2 immune responses. Cell Mol Immunol 16, 225–235 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41423-019-0210-8

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