Local glutamate application is often achieved by removing a chemical 'cage' with ultraviolet light. Matsuzaki et al. report a new method for uncaging glutamate with infrared light, and show that the shape of individual dendritic spines correlates with AMPA receptor responses.
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Augustine, G. Illuminating the location of brain glutamate receptors. Nat Neurosci 4, 1051–1052 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1101-1051
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1101-1051