Abstract
Numerical simulations of subducting slabs are formulated in which the shape and dip of the slab are determined by the dynamics of the flow, rather than imposed a priori. The dip of slabs is a function of the time since the initiation of subduction. Slabs fold, develop a kink in dip, and thicken on entry into a high-viscosity lower mantle. Comparison of the simulations with seismic observations suggest that the lower mantle is at least 10–30 times more viscous than the upper mantle.
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Gurnis, M., Hager, B. Controls of the structure of subducted slabs. Nature 335, 317–321 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1038/335317a0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/335317a0
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