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Atmen im Schlaf – nicht immer leicht gemacht

Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Childhood

Published Online:February 05, 2019https://doi.org/10.1024/1661-8157/a003162

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Rund jedes zehnte Kind schnarcht habituell, etwa ein Viertel davon hat ein obstruktives Schlafapnoesyndrom (OSAS). Während ein OSAS aufgrund der negativen Auswirkungen auf das Verhalten und die kognitive Entwicklung als ernstzunehmendes medizinisches Problem auch im Kindesalter mittlerweile anerkannt ist, bleibt die gesundheitliche Bedeutung des habituellen Schnarchens kontrovers. Schlafassoziierte obstruktive Ventilationsstörungen bleiben im Kindesalter unterschätzt und unterdiagnostiziert, u.a. aufgrund der gegenüber Erwachsenen variableren Klinik. Dies trifft besonders zu auf Kinder mit syndromalen Erkrankungen wie beispielsweise einer Trisomie 21. In dieser Übersicht werden die essenziellen Wissenspunkte dargestellt.


Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Childhood

Abstract. One out of ten healthy children is a habitual snorer, and one fourth of snoring children suffer from obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). While OSAS is widely recognized as a relevant social and health problem due to its negative impact on behavior and neurocognitive development, the medical significance of habitual snoring remains debated. Sleep-disordered breathing remains underestimated and underdiagnosed in childhood, in part due to the variability of clinical manifestations. This is particularly true for children with an underlying syndromal morbidity such as Down syndrome or Prader-Willi syndrome. This review summarizes the essential key points of Sleep-Disordered Breathing (SDB) in childhood.


Résumé. Environ un enfant sur dix ronfle habituellement, environ un quart d’entre eux ont le syndrome d’apnée obstructive du sommeil (SAOS). Bien que le SAOS soit maintenant reconnu comme un problème médical grave dans l’enfance en raison de ses effets négatifs sur le comportement et le développement cognitif, l’importance pour la santé du ronflement habituel demeure controversée. Les troubles de la ventilation obstructive associés au sommeil restent sous-estimés et sous-diagnostiqués dans l’enfance, notamment en raison de la clinique plus variable que celle des adultes. C’est particulièrement vrai pour les enfants atteints de maladies syndromiques telles que la trisomie 21. Ce travail présente les points essentiels de la connaissance sur le SAOS chez l’enfant.

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