Abstract
The hyphal responses of an A. fumigatus isolate to a trizolederivative-fluconazole (FCZ) were studied with a Bio-Cell Tracer system. The numerical data were recorded as the original growth rate (Pre-GR), the time needed for FCZ reaching to its target in hypha (τon), the growth rate under the FCZ effect (Exp-GR) and the growth rate after FCZ was removed (Post-GR). Based on above numerical data, the inhibitory rates in the exposure and post exposure periods were calculated as the Exp-I% and Post-I% values. It was found there were variable inhibitory rate values (I%) in individual hyphae corresponding to different FCZ concentrations. It was shown by correlation analysis of the numerical data that the Pre-GR values were negatively correlated with the τon values and positively correlated with both the Exp-I% and Post-I% values. Additionally, the τon values are negatively correlated with the Exp-I% and Post-I% values. Those results suggested that the hyphal growth rate and the susceptibility of the FCZ target be the important factors to determine the hyphal responses to the FCZ effect. Serial morphological alternations were captured while the hyphal growth curves were changing under the FCZ effects. Of the morphological data, the interesting alternations were visualized when the hyphae were affected by 16 μg/ml FCZ. As shifting of the hyphal growth curves, the hyphae were repeatedly seen as swollen tips and germination from the swollen sites. It is indicated that the hyphal tips are the most sensitive parts of this mycelia fungus to the FCZ affects. Additionally, because the hyphal regrowth was observed as germination from the swollen tips before FCZ was removed, an adaptation phenomenon could be proposed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Seral R. Candida and Aspergillus infection in immunocompromised patients: an over review. Rev Infect Dis 1991; 13: 487–492.
Latge JP. Aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillosis. Clin Microb Rev 1999; 12(2): 310–359.
Spreadberg CL, Krause T, Perves S, Cohen J. Invasive aspergillosis: clinical and pathological features of a new animal model. J Med Vet Mycol 1989; 27: 5–15.
Galgiani JN. Susceptibility testing of fungi: current status of the standardization process. Antimicrob Agent Chemother 1993; 37: 2517–2521.
Cutsem V, Kurata H, Matsuoka H, Mikami Y, Pfaller MA, Scalarone GM, Rinaldi MG. Antifungal drug susceptibility testing. J Med Vet Mycol 1994; 32(Suppl. 1): 267–176.
Kibong O, Matsuoka H, Sumita O, Takatori K, Kurata H. Evaluation of antifungal activity of antimycotics by automatic analyzing system. Mycopathologia 1992; 118: 71–78.
Matsuoka H, Yoshikazu II, Takekawa Y, Teraoka T. Evaluation of antifungal volatile compounds on the basis of the elongation rate of a single hypha. Appl Environ. Microbiol 1990; 56: 3779–3784.
Park JC, Takatori K, Lee HJ, Matsuoka H, Kurata H. Influence of antifungal pretreatment in preparing test mycelium on MIC values of several antifungal agents against Aspergillus niger. Mycoscience 1996: 37: 117–120.
Taguchi H, Miyaji M, Yoshida T. Evaluation of miconazole activity contained in human serum to hypha of Aspergillus fumigatus. Jpn J Med Mycol 2000; 41:41–44.
Miyaji M. Nishimura K, Takeo K. IFM list of pathogenic fungi and actinomycetes. In: Part I. Pathogenic fungi, Seibunsha, Chiba, Chiba, 1993; p. 11.
Yamada S, Cao J, Sumita O, Karasawa K, Karata H, Oh K, Matsuoka H. Automatic antifungal activity analyzing system on the basis of dynamic growth process of a single hypha. Mycopathologia 1992; 118: 65–69.
Taguchi H, Miyaji M, Nishimura K, Xu ML. Studies on the synergistic effect of amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine on the growth rate of single hypha of Aspergillus fumigatus. Mycosciences 1995; 36: 341–344.
Gooday GW. The dynamics of hyphal growth. Mycol Res 1995; 99: 385–394.
Zhu WY, Gooday GW. Effects of nikkomycin and echinocandin on differentiated and undifferentiated mycelia of Botrytis cinerea and Mucor rouxii. Mycol Res 1992; 96: 371–377.
Cassone A, Kerridge P, Gele EF. Untrastructural changes in the cell wall of Candida albicans following cessation of growth and their possible relationship to the development of polyene resistance. J Gen Microbial 1979; 110: 339–349.
Gale EF, Johoson AM, Kerridge D, Koh TY. Factors affecting in amphotericin sensitivity of Candida albicans during growth. J Gen Microbial 1975; 87: 20–36.
Ballard SA, Kelly SL, Ellis SW, Troke PF. Interaction of microsomal cytochrome P-450 isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus with fluconazole and itraconazole. J Med Vet Mycol 1990; 28: 327-334.
Bassche HV, Warnock DW, Dupont B, Kerridge D, Gupta SS, Improvisi C, Murichal C, Odds FC. Frovost F, Ronin O. Mechanism and clinical impact of antifungal drug resistance. J Med Vet Mycol 1994; 32(Suppl. 1): 189–202.
Yamaguchi H. Molecular and biochemical mechanism of drug resistance in fungi. Jpn J Med Mycol 1999: 4: 199–208.
Taguchi H, Miyaji M, Xu ML, Nishimura K, Yoshida T. Studies on antifungal effects of miconazole on Aspergillus fumigatus by bio-cell-tracer. Jpn Med Mycol 1995; 36: 33–37.
Park JC, Nemoto Y, Homma T, Sato R, Matsuoka H, Ohno H, Takatori K, Kurata H. Adaptation of Aspergillus niger to several antifungal agents. Microbiology 1994; 140: 2409–2414.
Matsuoka H, Park JC, Nemoto Y, Yamada S, Jing W, Chen Y, Takatori K, Kurata H. Adaptation of Aspergillus niger to multiple agents whose action mechanisms are different. Jpn J Med Mycol 1995; 36: 19–24.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ansheng, L., Taguchi, H., Miyaji, M. et al. Study on the hyphal responses of Aspergillus fumigatus . Mycopathologia 148, 17–23 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007199826225
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007199826225