Abstract
The structure of the zooplankton community in Itapeva Lake was formed by four groups and more than 127 zooplankton species, in which microplankton was the predominant size structure. The largest richness recorded was of the protists group and in autumn seasonal campaign. Protists were characteristic of the lake, regarding density, except during spring at the Center point (copepods) and autumn at the South point (rotifers). The seasonal distribution revealed that during summer, mean density increased in the zooplankton community, exactly the opposite of phytoplankton (that blooms during the cold season). However, the maximum density was recorded during autumn. High density was recorded for the ciliate Codonella sp. at all points and during all seasons. The abundance of the tecamoeba Difflugia tuberculata was strongly associated with the maximum effects of fetch in the lake. Rotifers were generally the second most representative groups in terms of density. Rotifers and Cladocera were more abundant in summer, whereas copepods were in spring and winter/98. The Shannon–Wiener index showed that the smallest zooplankton diversity average occurred during the winter/98 (H=1.44), while in autumn the largest zooplankton diversity average (H=2.36) was observed. Correlations (r-Pearson, p<0.05) with wind velocity were significant for zooplankton density (groups and/or abundant species), diversity, and richness. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a seasonally significant spatial-temporal variation for the factors sampling point, day and shift (p<0.01). Temporal alterations in density, diversity and richness were closely dependent on the hydrodynamic action induced by the wind on the spatial distribution of the zooplankton community in the Itapeva Lake.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
American Public Health Association, 1992. Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater, 18th edn. American Public Health Association, Washington, 1268 pp.
Attayde, J. L. & R. L. Bozelli, 1998. Assessing the indicator properties of zooplankton assemblages to disturbance gradients by canonical correspondence analysis. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 55: 1789–1797.
Cardoso, L. de S., 2001. Variações da estrutura planctônica da Lagoa Itapeva (Sistema Lagunar Costeiro do Rio Grande do Sul) em função da hidrodinâmica. Doctor thesis. Porto Alegre, RS, Instituto de Pesquisas Hidráulicas, UFRGS. 494 pp.
Cardoso, L. de S. & D. M. L. da Motta Marques, 2002. Structure of the phytoplankton community in Itapeva Lake (North Coast of Rio Grande do Sul-Brazil) and its relationship to hydrodynamic aspects: seasonal composition. Journal of Plankton Research (submitted).
Cardoso, L. de S. & D. M. L. da Motta Marques, 2003. Rate of change of the phytoplankton community in Itapeva Lake (North Coast of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil), based on the wind driven hydrodynamic regime. Hydrobiologia 497: 1–12.
Cardoso, L. de S., A. L. L. da Silveira & D.M. L. da Motta Marques, 2003. A ação do vento como gestor da hidrodinâmica na Lagoa Itapeva (Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul-Brasil). Revista Brasileira de Recursos Hídricos (in press).
Carrick, H. J., F. J. Aldridge & C. L. Schelske, 1993. Wind influences phytoplankton biomass and composition in a shallow, productive lake. Limnology and Oceanography 38: 1179–1192.
Closs, D. & M. Madeira, 1967. Foraminíferos e tecamebas aglutinantes da Lagoa de Tramandaí, no Rio Grande do Sul. Iheringia, série Zoologia 35: 7–31.
Connell, J. H., 1978. Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs. Science 199: 1302–1310.
Cristofor, S., A. Vadineanu, G. Ignat. & C. Ciubuc, 1994. Factors affecting light penetration in shallow lakes. Hydrobiologia 275/276: 493–498.
Demers, S., J-C. Therriault, E. Bourget & A. Bah, 1987. Resuspension in the shallow sublittoral zone of a macrotidal estuarine environment: wind influence. Limnology and Oceanography 32: 327–339.
Dokulil, M., 1994. Environmental control of phytoplankton productivity in turbulent turbid systems. Hydrobiologia 289: 65–72.
Dokulil, M. & J. Padisák, 1994. Long-term compositional response of phytoplankton in a shallow, turbid environment, Neusiedlersee (Austria/Hungary). Hydrobiologia 275/276: 125–137.
Dussart, B. H., 1965. Les différentes catégories de plancton. Hydrobiologia 26: 72–74.
Gervais, F., D. Opitz & H. Behrendt, 1997. Influence of small-scale turbulence and large-scale mixing on phytoplankton primary production. Hydrobiologia 342/343: 95–105.
Güntzel, A. M., 1995. Estrutura e variação espaço-temporais da comunidade zooplanctônica na Lagoa Caconde, Osório, RS. Maester thesis. Porto Alegre, CPG Ecologia/UFRGS. 128 pp.
Hardin, G., 1960. The competitive exclusión hipótesis. Science 131: 1292–1297.
Harris, G. P., 1986. Phytoplankton Ecology. Structure, Function and Fluctuation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 384 pp.
Knoppers, B. A., 1994. Aquatic primary production in coastal lagoons. In Kjerfve, B. (ed.), Costal Lagoon Processes. Elsevier, Amsterdam: 243–286.
Krebs, C. J., 1989. Ecological Methodology. Harper Collins, New York, 654 pp.
Lacroix, G. & F. Lescher-Moutoue, 1995. Spatial patterns of planktonic microcrustaceans in a small shallow lake. Hydrobiologia 300/301: 205–217.
Lewis, W. M., Jr., 1976. Surface/volume ratio: implications for phytoplankton morphology. Science 192: 885–887.
Lobo, E. A. & G. Leighton, 1986. Estructuras comunitarias de las fitocenosis planctónicas de los sistemas de desembocaduras de rios Y esteros de la zona central de Chile. Revista Biologia Marina 22: 1–29.
Macintyre, S., 1993. Vertical mixing in a shallow, eutrophic lake: possible consequences for the light climate of phytoplankton. Limnology and Oceanography 38: 798–817.
McCune, B. & M. J. Mefford, 1999. PC-ORD. Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data-Version 4. MJM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, 273 pp.
Millet, B. & P. Cecchi, 1992. Wind-induced hydrodynamic control of the phytoplankton biomass in a lagoon ecosystem. Limnology and Oceanography 37: 140–146.
Pace, M. L. & J. D. Orcutt Jr., 1981. The relative importance of protozoans, rotifers, and crustaceans in a freshwater zooplankton community. Limnology and Oceanography 26: 822–830.
Padisák, J., 1992. Seasonal succession of phytoplankton in a large shallow lake (Balaton, Hungary)-a dynamic approach to ecological memory, its possible role and mechanisms. Journal of Ecology 80: 217–230.
Padisák, J., 1993. The influence of different disturbance frequencies on the species richness, diversity and equitability of phytoplankton in shallow lakes. Hydrobiologia 249: 135–156.
Padisák, J. & M. Dokulil, 1994. Meroplankton dynamics in a saline, turbulent, turbid shallow lake (Neusiedlersee, Austria and Hungary). Hydrobiologia 289: 23–42.
Padisák, J., L. G. Tóth & M. Rajczy, 1990. Stir-up effect of wind on a more-or-less stratified shallow lake phytoplankton community, Lake Balanton, Hungary. Hydrobiologia 191: 249–254.
Pappas, J. L. & E. F. Stoermer, 1996. Quantitative method for determining a representative algal sample count. Journal of Phycology 32: 693–696.
Pedrozo, C. da S., 2000. Avaliação da qualidade ambiental das lagoas da planície costeira do Rio Grande do Sul com ênfase na comunidade zooplanctônica. Doctor thesis. São Carlos, PPG Ecologia e Recursos Naturais/UFSCar. 241 pp.
Reynolds, C. S., 1984a. The Ecology of Freshwater Phytoplankton. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 384 pp.
Reynolds, C. S., 1984b. Phytoplankton periodicity: the interactions of form, function and environmental variability. Freshwater Biology 14: 111–142.
Reynolds, C. S., 1993. Scales of disturbance and their role in plankton ecology. Hydrobiologia 249: 157–171.
Salomoni, E. S., 1997. Aspectos da limnologia e poluição das Lagoas costeiras Marcelino, Peixoto e pinguela (Osório, RS): uma abordagem baseada no fitoplâncton. Maester thesis. Porto Alegre, CPG Ecologia/UFRGS. 141 pp.
Tundisi, J. G., 1990. Distribuição espacial, seqüência temporal e ciclo sazonal do fitoplâncton em represas: fatores limitantes e controladores. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 50: 937–955.
Velho, L. F. M., F. A. Lansac-Tôha & L. M. Bini, 1999. Spatial and temporal variation in densities of testate amoebae in the plankton of the Upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil. Hydrobiologia 411: 441–451.
Vörös, L. & J. Padisák, 1991. Phytoplankton biomass and chlorophyll-a in some shallow lakes in central Europe. Hydrobiologia 215: 111–119.
Zagarese, H. E., W. Cravero, P. Gonzalez & F. Pedrozo, 1998. Copepod mortality induced by fluctuating levels of natural ultraviolet radiation simulating vertical water mixing. Limnology and Oceanography 43: 169–174.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
de Cardoso, L.S., Marques, D.d.M. Structure of the zooplankton community in a subtropical shallow lake (Itapeva Lake – South of Brazil) and its relationship to hydrodynamic aspects. Hydrobiologia 518, 123–134 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000025062.08366.1b
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000025062.08366.1b