Skip to main content
Log in

Political Multilevel Negotiations and Issue Linkage During an EU Intergovernmental Conference: An Empirical Application

  • Published:
Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Due to the growing interdependence of countries, international multilateral, multiple issue negotiations become increasingly important. Since there is a quasi-absence of hierarchy and majority voting in international relations, linkage politics is considered to be the mechanism of collective decision making and conflict resolution par excellence. We argue that the linkage metaphor can be neatly conceptualized with the political exchange model of James Coleman. Empirically, we provide an application to an EU intergovernmental conference on treaty reform. Descriptively, we focus on the interdependencies of actors and issues. Analytically, we test whether within-governmental conflicts weaken or strengthen the domestic supply chain (political support, credibility) for international negotiation delegations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aberbach, J.D., R.D. Putnam and B.A. Rockman (1981), Bureaucrats and Politicians in Western Democracies.Harvard University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allison, G.T. (1971), Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis.Little, Brown, Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alt, J.E. and B.J. Eichengreen (1989), "Parallel and Overlapping Games: Theory and an Application to the European, Gas Trade'," Economics and Politics,1,119–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aoki, M. (2001), Toward a Comparative Institutional Analysis.MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baron, D.P. and J.A. Ferejohn (1989), "Bargaining in Legislatures," American Political Science Review, 83, 1182–1206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchanan, J.M. and G. Tullock (1962), The Calculus of Consent: Logical Foundations of Constitutional Democracy. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burton, R. and B. Obel (1995), Design Models for Hierarchical Organizations. Computation, Information, and Decentralization.Kluwer, Boston, Dordrecht, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, J.S. (1966), "The Possibility of a Social Welfare Function," American Economic Review, 56, 1105–1122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, J.S. (1990), Foundations of Social Theory.The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Downs, G.W. and D.M. Rocke (1995), Optimal Imperfection? Domestic Uncertainty and Institutions in International Relations.Princeton University Press, Princeton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eichengreen, B.J. (1994), The Political Economy of European Monetary Unification.Westview Press, Boulder.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedheim, R.L. (1993), Negotiating the New Ocean Regime.University of South Carolina Press, Columbia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, S. (1989), "Modelling Integrative, Multiple Issue Bargaining," Management Science, 35, 788–806.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henning, C.H.C.A. (2000), Macht und Tausch in der europäischen Agrarpolitik. Eine positive Theorie kollektiver Entscheidungen.Campus, Frankfurt, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoekman, B. (1989), "Determining the Need for Issue Linkages in Multilateral Trade Negotiations," International Organization, 43, 693–714.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kappelhoff, P. (1993), Soziale Tauschsysteme. Strukturelle und dynamische Erweiterungen des Marktmodells.Oldenbourg, München.

  • Keeney, R.L. and H. Raiffa (1993), Decisions with Multiple Objectives: Preferences and Value Tradeoffs.Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keohane, R.O. and J.S. Nye (1974), "Transgovernmental Relations and International Organizations," World Politics, 27, 39–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knoke, D., F.U. Pappi, J. Broadbent and Y. Tsujinaka (1996), Comparing Policy Networks. Labor Politics in the U.S., Germany, and Japan.Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laumann, E.O. and D. Knoke (1987), The Organizational State: Social Choice in National Policy Domains.University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laumann, E.O., D. Knoke and Y.H. Kim (1987), "Event Outcomes," in E.O. Laumann and D. Knoke (Eds.) The Organizational State. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wis., pp. 343–373.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laumann, E.O. and F.U. Pappi (1976), Networks of Collective Action: A Perspective on Community Influence Systems.Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ledyard, J.O. (1991), "Coordination in Shared Facilities. A New Methodology," Journal of Organizational Computing, 1,41–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linhart, E. and P.W. Thurner (2004), "Die Erklärungskraft spiel-und tauschtheoretischer Verhandlungsmodelle. Ein empirischer Vergleich am Beispiel des Endgames der Regierungskonferenz 1996," in F.U. Pappi, E. Riedel, P. W. Thurner and R. Vaubel (Eds.) Die Institutionalisierung Internationaler Verhandlungssysteme.Campus, Frankfurt, pp. 261–289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lohmann, S. (1998), "Reputational Versus Institutional Solutions to the Time-Consistency Problem in Monetary Policy," in S.C.W. Eijffinger (Ed.) Positive Political Economy: Theory and Evidence. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 9–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • March, J.G. and H.A. Simon (1958), Organizations.Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Milner, H.V. (1997), Interests, Institutions, and Information: Domestic Politics and International Relations.Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moravcsik, A. (1998), The Choice for Europe: Social Purpose and State Power from Messina to Maastricht.Cornell University Press, Ithaca.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moravcsik, A. and K. Nicolaïdis (1999), "Explaining the Treaty of Amsterdam: Interests, Influence, Institutions," Journal of Common Market Studies, 37, 59–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oye, K.A. (1979), "The Domain of Choice: International Constraints and Carter Administration Foreign Policy," in K.A. Oye, D. Rothschild and R.J. Lieber (Eds.) Eagle Entangled: U.S. Foreign Policy in a Complex World. Longman, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pappi, F.U. and C.H.C.A. Henning (1998), "Policy Networks: More than a Metaphor?" Journal of Theoretical Politics, Special Issue: Modelling Policy Networks, 10(4), 553–575.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pappi, F.U. and C.H.C.A. Henning (1999), "The Organization of Influence on the EC's Common Agricultural Policy: A Network Approach," European Journal of Political Research, 36, 257–281.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pappi, F.U., T. König and D. Knoke (1995), Entscheidungsprozesse in der Arbeits-und Sozialpolitik.Campus, Frankfurt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pruitt, D.G. (1981), Negotiation Behavior.Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Putnam, R. (1988), "Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games," International Organization, 42(3), 427–460.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raiffa, H. (1982), The Art and Science of Negotiation.Harvard University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schelling, T.C. (1960), The Strategy of Conflict.Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneeweiβ, C. (1999), Hierarchies in Distributed Decision Making.Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schnorpfeil, W. (1996), Sozialpolitische Entscheidungen der Europäischen Union: Modellierung und empirische Analyse kollektiver Entscheidungen des europäischen Verhandlungssystems. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sebenius, J.K. (1983), "Negotiation Arithmetic: Adding and Subtracting Issues and Parties," International Organization, 37, 281–316.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spector, B.I. (1994), Negotiating International Regimes: Lessons Learned from the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED).Graham & Trotman, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stein, A. (1980), "The Politics of Linkage," World Politics, 32, 62–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Straffin, P.D. (1988), "The Shapley-Shubik and Banzhaf Power Indices as Probabilities," in A. Roth (Ed.) The Shapley Value. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stratmann, T. (1997), "Logrolling," in D.C. Mueller (Ed.) Perspectives on Public Choice. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 322–342.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoiber, M. (2003), Die nationale Vorbereitung auf EU-Regierungskonferenzen. Interministerielle Koordination und kollektive Entscheidung.Campus, Frankfurt, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thurner, P.W., C. Kroneberg and M. Stoiber (2003), "Strategisches Signalisieren bei internationalen Verhand-lungen. Eine quantitative Analyse am Beispiel der Regierungskonferenz 1996," Zeitschrift f ür Internationale Beziehungen, 10(2), 287–320.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thurner, P.W. and E. Linhart (2004), "EU Intergovernmental Conferences and Domestic Politics. An Empirical Application of the Putnam/Schelling Conjectures," Working Paper no. 77, Mannheim Centre for European Social Research.

  • Thurner, P.W., F.U. Pappi and M. Stoiber (2002), "EU Intergovernmental Conferences. A Quantitative Data-Handbook of Domestic Preference Formation, Transnational Networks and Dynamics of Compromise During the Amsterdam Treaty," Working Paper No. 60 /IINS Research Paper No. 15, Mannheim Centre for European Social Research.

  • Tollison, R.T. and T.D. Willet (1979), "An Economic Theory of Mutually Advantageous Issue Linkages in International Negotiations," International Organization, 33(4), 425–449.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, W. (1976), "Issue Linkages Among Atlantic Governments," International Affairs, 52, 163–179.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, H.C. (2002), Markets From Networks: Socioeconomic Models of Production.Princeton University Press, Princeton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, R. (1969), "An Axiomatic Model of Logrolling," American Economic Review, 59, 331–341.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Thurner, P.W., Linhart, E. Political Multilevel Negotiations and Issue Linkage During an EU Intergovernmental Conference: An Empirical Application. Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory 10, 243–266 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CMOT.0000045371.13713.b5

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CMOT.0000045371.13713.b5

Navigation