Abstract
One important tool for studying ventricular fibrillation (VF) is optical mapping. Unfortunately this technique is highly prone to motion artifact. An electrocontractile uncoupler (2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM)) is sometimes used to suppress the mechanical activity of the heart, under the assumption that this uncoupler does not affect the VF under study. Previous attempts to test this assumption have had limited spatial extent, or used optical mapping, reintroducing the confounding factor of motion artifact. Here, we test this assumption with high resolution quantitative conventional mapping. Male guinea pigs weighing more than 800 g were anesthetized using IV propofol. A median sternotomy and pericardiectomy were done to expose the heart. An intracardiac injection of BDM (0–250 mM) was given and VF was induced by 60-Hz AC stimulation. Epicardial unipolar recordings were made for 4 s using an Ag/AgCl electrode array (14 × 14) along with a video recording of the heart. The experimental procedure was repeated for control, saline, and drug. Quantitative analysis of the data was done using spatial correlation, frequency spectrum, and autocorrelation analyses. BDM significantly decreased the mechanical activity of the heart and increased the level of temporal organization during VF (reflected by frequency spectrum and autocorrelation analysis) with no changes in the level of spatial correlation. BDM does have an effect on the electrical activity of the heart along with its mechanical effects.
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Malik, M.G., Gopalakrishnan, M. & Malkin, R.A. Quantifying the Spatiotemporal Effects of 2,3-Butanedione Monoxime (BDM) on Ventricular Fibrillation with a Conventional Mapping System. Cardiovascular Engineering 2, 81–89 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023080103823
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023080103823