Abstract
By alternating the supply of propylene and ethylene monomers, alternating polypropylene and polyethylene films were produced on one model Ziegler–Natta catalyst. This way, we could show that the active polymerization sites remain under the growing polymer films and thus the monomer molecules must transport through the growing polymer to the active sites.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
L.L. Böhm, Polymer 19 (1978) 545.
T. Keii, E. Suzuki, M. Tamura, M. Murata and Y. Doi, Makromol. Chem. 183 (1982) 2285.
R. Spitz, J.L. Lacombe and A. Guyot, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed. 22 (1984) 2625.
G. Galvin and M. Tirrell, Chem. Eng. Sci. 41 (1986) 2385.
S. Floyd, T. Heiskanen, T.W. Taylor, G.E. Mann and W.H. Ray, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 33 (1987) 1021.
T.F. Mckenna, J. Dupuy and R. Spitz, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 57 (1995) 371.
M. Hamba, G.C. Han-Adebekun and W.H. Ray, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed. 35 (1997) 2075.
A. Shariati, C.C. Hsu and D.W. Bacon, Polym. Reac. Eng. 7 (1999) 97.
J.Y. Gutman and J.E. Guillet, Macromolecules 3 (1970) 470.
M. Kakugo, H. Sadatoshi, M. Yokoyama and K. Kojima, Macromolecules 22 (1989) 547.
M. Kakugo, H. Sadatoshi, J. Sakai and M. Yokoyama, Macromolecules 22 (1989) 22.
L.C. Santa Maria, F.M. Coutinho and J.C. Bruno, Eur. Polym. J. 29 (1993) 1319.
L. Noristi, E. Marchetti, G. Baruzzi and P. Sgarzi, J. Polym. Sci. A 32 (1994) 3047.
S.H. Kim and G.A. Somorjai, J. Phys. Chem. B 104 (2000), in issue of 29 June.
S.H. Kim and G.A. Somorjai, Appl. Surf. Sci., in press.
S.H. Kim, G. Vurens and G.A. Somorjai, J. Catal., in press.
S.H. Kim, C.R. Tewell and G.A. Somorjai, Langmuir, submitted.
V. Galiatsatos, R.O. Neaffer, S. Sen and B.J. Sherman, in: Physical Properties of Polymers Handbook, ed. J.E. Mark (American Institute of Physics, New York, 1996) p. 535.
T. Gross, A. Lippitz, W.E.S. Unger, J. Friedrich and C. Woll, Polymer 35 (1994) 5901.
J. Delhalle, J. Riga, J.P. Denis, M. Deleuze and M. Dosiere, Chem. Phys. Lett. 210 (1993) 21.
K. Kohara, M. Shinogama, Y. Doi and T. Keii, Makromol. Chem. 180 (1979) 2139.
S.A. Stern, B.M. Krishnakumar and S.M. Nadakatti, in: Physical Properties of Polymers Handbook, ed. J.E. Mark (American Institute of Physics, New York, 1996) ch. 50.
N.M. Gultseva, T.M. Ushakova, A.M. Aladyshev, L.N. Raspopov and I.N. Meshkova, Polym. Bull. 29 (1992) 639.
P.J.T. Tait and S. Wang, Polym. J. 20 (1988) 499.
P. Galli, L. Luciani and G. Cecchin, Angew. Makromol. Chem. 94 (1981) 63.
J.C.W. Chien and C. Kuo, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed. 24 (1986) 2707.
P. Pino, B. Rotzinger and E. von Achenbach, Makromol. Chem. Suppl. 13 (1985) 105.
J. Kovumaki and J.V. Seppala, Macromolecules 26 (1993) 5535.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kim, S.H., Somorjai, G.A. Polymer growth mode on the heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalyst: active sites at the bottom of the growing polymer layer. Catalysis Letters 68, 7–11 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019075218358
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019075218358