Skip to main content
Log in

Schema versioning and database conversion techniques for bi-temporal databases

  • Published:
Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Schema evolution and schema versioning are two techniques used for managing database evolution. Schema evolution keeps only the current version of a schema and database after applying schema changes. Schema versioning creates new schema versions and converts the corresponding data while preserving the old schema versions and data. To provide the most generality, bi-temporal databases can be used to realize schema versioning, since they allow both retroactive and proactive updates to the schema and database. In this paper we first study two proposed database conversion approaches for supporting schema evolution and schema versioning: single table version approach and multiple table version approach. We then propose the partial table version approach to solve the problems encountered in these approaches when applied to bi-temporal databases.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. J. Banerjee, H.-T. Chou, H.J. Kim and H.F. Korth, Semantics and implementation of schema evolution in object-oriented databases, SIGMOD RECORD 16(3) (1987) 311-322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. N. Beckmann, H.P. Kriegel, R. Schneider and B. Seeger, The R*-tree: an efficient and robust access method for points and rectangles, in: Proceedings of ACM SIGMOD (1990) pp. 322-331.

  3. J. Clifford, C. Dyreson, T. Isakowitz, C.S. Jensen and R.T. Snodgrass, On the semantics of "now" in databases, ACM Transactions on Database Systems 22(2) (1997) 171-214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. J. Clifford and D.S. Warren, Formal semantics for time in databases, ACM Transactions on Database Systems (1983) 214-254.

  5. C. DeCastro, F. Grandi and M.R. Scalas, Schema versioning for multitemporal relational databases, Information Systems (1997) 249-290.

  6. R. Elmasri, G. Wuu and Y. Kim, The time index: An access structure for temporal data, in: Proceedings of the 16th VLDB Conference (1990).

  7. O. Etzion, A. Gal and A. Segev, Retroactive and proactive database processing, in: Fourth International Workshop on Research Issues in Data Engineering: Active Database Systems, Houston, TX (February 14-15, 1994).

  8. H. Gunadhi and A. Segev, Query processing algorithms for temporal intersection joins, in: Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Data Engineering (IEEE, 1991).

  9. A. Guttman, R-trees: A dynamic index structure for spatial searching, in: Proceedings of ACM SIGMOD (1984) pp. 47-57.

  10. C. Jensen et al., A consensus glossary of temporal database concepts, SIGMOD RECORD 23(1) (1994) 52-64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. W. Kim and H.-T. Chou, Versions of schema for object-oriented databases, in: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Very Large Databases (1988) pp. 148-159.

  12. C. Kolovson and M. Stonebraker, Segment indexes: Dynamic indexing techniques for multidimensional interval data, in: Proceedings ACM SIGMOD (1991) pp. 138-147.

  13. A. Kumar, V.J. Tsotras and C. Faloutsos, Access methods for bi-temporal databases, in: Recent Advances in Temporal Databases, eds. J. Clifford and A. Tuzhilin (1995) pp. 235-254.

  14. B.S. Lerner and A.N. Habermann, Beyond schema evolution to database reorganization, SIGPLAN Notices 25(10) (1990) 67-76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. N.G. Martin, S.B. Navathe and R. Ahmed, Dealing with schema anomalies in history databases, in: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on VLDB (1987).

  16. P. Mishra and M.H. Eich, Join processing in relational databases, ACM Computing Surveys 24(1) (1992).

  17. M.A. Nascimento, M.H. Dunham and R. Elmasri, M-IVTT: A practical index for bi-temporal database, in: DEXA'96 Proceedings, Zurich, Switzerland (September 1996) pp. 779-790.

  18. S.B. Navathe and R. Ahmed, A temporal relation model and a query langue, Information Sciences (1989) 147-175.

  19. J.F. Roddick, Dynamically changing schemas within database models, Australian Computer Journal (1991) 105-109.

  20. J.F. Roddick, Schema evolution in database systems-an annotated bibliography, Technical Report No. CIS-92-004, School of Computer and Information Science, University of South Australia (1992).

  21. J.F. Roddick, SQL/SE-A query language extension for databases supporting schema evolution, SIGMOD RECORD (1992) 10-16.

  22. J.F. Roddick, A survey of schema versioning issues for database systems, Information and Software Technology 37(7) (1995).

  23. B. Salzberg and V.J. Tsotras, A comparison of access methods for time-evolving data, Computing Surveys 31(2) (1999) 158-121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. M.R. Scalas, A. Cappelli and C. De Castro, A model for schema evolution in temporal relational databases, in: Proceedings of 1993 CompEuro, Computers in Design, Manufacturing, and Production (May 1993) pp. 223-231.

  25. A. Segev, Join processing and optimization in temporal relational databases, in: Temporal Databases: Theory, Design, and Implementation (Benjamin/Cummings, 1993) chapter 15.

  26. A. Segev and H. Gunadhi, Event-join optimization in temporal relational databases, in: Proceedings of the Conference on Very Large Data Base (August, 1989) pp. 205-215.

  27. A. Shrufi and T. Topaloglou, Query processing for knowledge bases using join indices, in: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM), 1995.

  28. D. Sjøberg, Quantifying schema evolution, Information and Software Technology 35(1) (1993) 35-44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. R.T. Snodgrass, The temporal query language TQuel, ACMTransactions on Database Systems (1987) 247-298.

  30. R.T. Snodgrass (ed.), The TSQL2 Temporal Query Language (Kluwer Academic, 1995) chapter 10.

  31. M.D. Soo, R.T. Snodgrass and C.S. Jensen, Efficient evaluation of the valid-time natural join, in: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Data Engineering (IEEE, 1994).

  32. D. Son and R. Elamsri, Efficient temporal join processing using time index, in: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management (June 18-20, 1996) pp. 252-261.

  33. T. Topaloglou, Storage management for knowledge bases, in: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM'93), 1993.

  34. M. Tresch and M.H. Scholl, Schema transformation without database reorganization, SIGMOD RECORD 22(1) (1993) 21-27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. V.J. Tsotras, C.S. Jensen and R.T. Snodgrass, A notation for spatiotemporal queries, TimeCenter Technical Report TR-10 (April 1997).

  36. P. Valduriez, Join indices, ACM Transactions on Database Systems 12(2) (1987) 218-246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. H.C. Wei and R. Elmasri, Study and comparison of schema versioning and database conversion techniques for bi-temporal databases, in: Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME-99) (May 1-2, 1999) pp. 88-98.

  38. R. Zicari, A framework for schema updates in an object-oriented database system, in: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Data Engineering (April 1991) pp. 2-13.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wei, HC., Elmasri, R. Schema versioning and database conversion techniques for bi-temporal databases. Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence 30, 23–52 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016622202755

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016622202755

Keywords

Navigation