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Clays and clay minerals: What can Mössbauer spectroscopy do to help understand them?

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Abstract

Mössbauer spectroscopy is a powerful technique for the characterization of materials formed in the weathering environment. Mössbauer studies of clay-sized phyllosilicates, however, are burdened with several problems: the samples are rarely monomineralic, they may be poor in iron, and only few iron-rich species order magnetically above 4.2 K. Site occupancies are difficult to determine, and cis and trans octahedral-OH site assignments are normally not possible. Unequivocal information that can be gained from such work thus is often restricted to the determination of the oxidation state of iron and average structural site distortions.

Mössbauer data on iron oxides are generally more straightforward to interpret because these can be studied in the magnetically ordered state. A further asset of Mössbauer spectroscopy when studying iron oxides lies in its high sensitivity for magnetically ordered phases. Adverse effects ensuing from small particle size, interparticle interactions, non-stoichiometry and foreign-element substitution that often affect the Mössbauer parameters of iron oxides occurring in clays and soils can be at least partly offset by taking spectra at low temperatures.

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  1. Bayerisches Geologisches Landesamt, Concordiastrasse 28, D-96049, Bamberg, Germany

    Enver Murad

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  1. Enver Murad
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Murad, E. Clays and clay minerals: What can Mössbauer spectroscopy do to help understand them?. Hyperfine Interactions 117, 39–70 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012635124874

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