Abstract
We report one of the first multi-site investigations into referral source variation in functional impairment for children with serious emotional disturbance served in systems of care settings. Baseline data collected as part of the national evaluation for the Comprehensive Community Mental Health Services for Children and Their Families Program was used to assess the comparability of functional status for children referred from traditional mental health versus non-mental health agencies. Results indicate that children referred from child welfare and family groups have significantly lower levels of overall dysfunction than those referred from mental health, while children referred from school and juvenile justice agencies have comparable levels. Clinical and research implications are discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Burns, B.J., Costello, E.J., & Angold, A. (1995). The Great Smoky Mountains study of youth: Mental health service use across the child service system. Health Affairs, 14 147-157.
Burns, B.J., Hoagwood, K. & Mautsby, L.T. (1998) Improving Outcomes for children and adolescents with serious emotional and behavioral disorders: Current and future directions. In M. H. Epstein, K. Kutash, & A. J. Duchnowski (Eds.), Outcomes for children with emotional and behavioral disorders and their families: Program and evaluation best practices (pp. 455-482). Austin, TX: PRO-ED.
Burns, B.J., Hoagwood, K., & Mrazek, P. (1999). Effective treatment for mental disorders in children and adolescents. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 199-254.
Canino, G., Costello, J.E., & Angold, A. (1999). Assessing functional impairment and social adaptation for child mental health services research: A review of measures. Mental Health Services Research 1 93-108.
Center for Mental Health Services. (1998). Annual report to congress on the evaluation of the comprehensive community mental health services for children and their families program. Atlanta, Georgia: ORC Macro.
Department of Health and Human Services (1999). Mental health: A report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: Author.
Epstein, M.H., Cullinan, D., Quinn, K.P., & Cumblad, C. (1995). Personal, family, and service use characteristics of young people served by an interagency community-based system of care. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 3 55-64.
Friedman, R., Katz-Leavy, J., Manderscheid, R., & Sondheimer, D. (Fall 1996). Prevalence of serious emotional disturbance among children and adolescents. In R. W. Manderscheid & M.A. Sonnenschein (Eds.), Mental health, United States, 1996 (pp. 71-89). Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
Hedeker, D., Gibbons, R. D., & Flay, B. R. (1994). Random-effects regression models for clustered data with an example from smoking prevention research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62 757-765.
Hodges, K. (1994). Child and adolescent functional assessment scale. Ypsilanti, MI: Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University.
Hodges, K. (1997). CAFAS Manual for training coordinators, clinical administrators, and data managers. Unpublished manuscript. Ypsilanti, MI: Eastern Michigan University.
Hodges, K., & Wong, M. (1996). Psychometric characteristics of amultidimensional measure to assess impairment: The Child and Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 5 445-467.
Hodges, K., Wong, M., & Latessa, M. (1998). Use of the Child and Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale (CAFAS) as an outcome measure in clinical settings. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services and Research, 25 325-336.
Hodges, K., Doucette-Gates, A., & Kim, C. (2000). Predicting service utilization with the Child and Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale in a sample of youth with serious emotional disturbance served by Center for Mental Health Services-funded demonstrations. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services and Research, 27 47-59.
Holden, E.W., Friedman, R.M., Santiago, R.L (2001). Overview of the national evaluation of the comprehensive community mental health services for children and their families program. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 9 4-12.
Landrum, T.J., Singh, N.N., Nemil, M.S., Ellis, C.R., & Best, A.M. (1995). Characteristics of children and adolescents with serious emotional disturbance in systems of care. Part II: Community-based services. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 3 141-149.
Leaf, P.J., Alegria, M., Cohen, P., Goodman, S.H., Horowitz, S.M., Hoven, C.W., Narrow, W.E., Vaden-Kiernan, M., Regier, D.A. (1996). Mental health service use in the community and schools: Results from the four-community MECA study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35 889-897.
Liao, Q., Mantueffel, B., Paulic, C., & Sondheimer (2001). Describing the population of adolescents served in systems of care. Journal of Emotional and Behavior Disorders, 9 13-29.
Mantel, N., and W. Haenszel. (1959). Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 22 719-748.
Rosenblatt, J., Robertson, M.B., Wood, M., Furlong, M.J., & Sosna (1998). Troubled or troubling? Characteristics of youth referred to a system of care without system-level referral constraints. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 6 42-54.
SAS® Institute Inc. (1998). SAS OnlineDoc, Version 7-1. Cary, NC: SAS Institute, Inc.
Stroul B.A., Friedman, R.M. (1986). A system of care for children and youth with severe emotional disturbances. Georgetown University Child Development Center: Washington, D.C.
Walrath, C.M., Sharp, M.J., Zuber, Leaf, P.J. (in press) Serving children with serious emotional disturbance in urban systems of care: Referral agency differences in child characteristics in Baltimore and the Bronx. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders.
Weisz, J.R. (2000). Agenda for child and adolescent psychotherapy research: On the need to put science into practice. Archives of General Psychology, 57 837-838.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Walrath, C., dosReis, S., Miech, R. et al. Referral Source Differences in Functional Impairment Levels for Children Served in the Comprehensive Community Mental Health Services for Children and Their Families Program. Journal of Child and Family Studies 10, 385–397 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012533127953
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012533127953