Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Genetic Divergence and Phylogenetic Relationships in Grey Mullets (Teleostei: Mugilidae) Using Allozyme Data

  • Published:
Biochemical Genetics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Genetic divergence and phylogenetic relationships among five species of the Mugilidae family (Liza saliens, Liza aurata, Liza ramada, Chelon labrosus, and Mugil cephalus) were investigated, in the present study, on samples taken from Messolongi lagoon in Greece, using allozyme electrophoresis. Ten enzymic systems corresponding to 22 genetic loci were assayed, among which, four were found to be polymorphic in Liza saliens, Liza aurata, and Chelon labrosus, seven in Liza ramada, while only two were polymorphic in Mugil cephalus. Several loci showed different electrophoretic patterns among the species and thus, they can be useful in species taxonomy as diagnostic markers, as well as for further evolutionary studies. It must be underlined that among them the aGPD-2* locus proved to be species-specific, while the other ones can be also used in various combinations for the same purpose. The observed heterozygosity was found to range from 0.020 to 0.051. Allele frequencies of all loci were used to estimate Nei's (1972) genetic distance, which was found to range between 0.249 and 1.171 among the five species studied. UPGMA and NJ trees, obtained by genetic distance matrix methods, as well as, a tree based on the discrete character parsimony analysis were found to exhibit the same topology. Our result show that the three species of the genus Liza are clustered together, Chelon labrosus being closer to the previous clade, while Mugil cephalus being more distinct.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  • Allegrucci, G., Fortunato, C., and Sbordoni, V. (1997). Genetic structure and allozyme variation of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax and D. punctatus) in the Mediterranean Sea. Mar. Biol. 128:347.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allendorf, F. W., Mitchell, N., Ryman, N., and Ståhl, G. (1977). Isozyme loci in brown trout (Salmo trutta L.): Detection and interpretation from population data. Hereditas 86:179.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, M. (1982). The identification of the British grey mullets. J. Fish Biol. 20:33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Apostolidis, A. P., Karakousis, Y., and Triantaphyllidis, C. (1996). Genetic differentiation and phylogenetic relationships among Greek Salmo trutta L. (brown trout) populations as revealed by RFLP analysis of PCR amplified mitochondrial DNA segments. Heredity 77:608.

    Google Scholar 

  • Autem, M., and Bonhomme, F. (1980). Elements de systématique biochimique chez les mugilidés de Méditerranée. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 8:305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Avise, J. C., and Aquadro, C. F. (1982). A comparative summary of genetic distances in the vertebrates. Evol. Biol. 15:151.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernatchez, L., and Osinov, A. (1995). Genetic Diversity of trout (genus Salmo) from its most eastern native range based on mitochondrial DNA and nuclear gene variation. Mol. Ecol. 4:285.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonatti, E. (1996). North Mediterranean climate during the last Wurm glaciation. Nature 209:984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buth, D. G., and Murphy, R. W. (1999). The use of isozyme characters in systematic studies. Biochem. Sys. Ecol. 27:117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caldara, F., Bargelloni, L., Ostellari, L., Penzo, E., Colombo, L., and Patarnello, T. (1996). Molecular phylogeny of Grey Mullets based on mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis: Evidence of differential rate of evolution at the intrafamily level. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 6:416.

    Google Scholar 

  • Callegarini, C., and Basaglia, F. (1978). Biochemical characteristics of mugilids in the lagoons of the Po delta. Boll. Zool. 45:35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cataudella, S., Civitelli, M. V., and Capanna, E. (1974). Chromosome complement of the Mediterranean mullets (Pisces, perciformes). Caryologia 27:93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crosetti, D., Avice, J. C., Placidi, F., Rossi, A. R., and Sola, L. (1993). Geographic variability in the grey mullet Mugil cephalus: Preliminary results of mtDNA and chromosome analyses. Aquaculture 111:95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delgado, J. V., Molina, A., Lobillo, J., Alonso, A., and Camacho, M. E. (1992). Morphometrical study on the chromosomes of three species of mullet (Teleostei: Mugilidae). Caryologia 45:263.

    Google Scholar 

  • Felsenstein, J. (1985). Confidence limits on phylogenies: An approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39:783.

    Google Scholar 

  • Felsenstein, J. (1993). PHYLIP (Phylogeny Inference Package), Version 3.5C. Distributed by the author. Department of Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson, M. M., Danzmann, R. G., and Hutchings, J. A. (1991). Incongruent estimates of population differentiation among brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis, from Cape Race, Newfoundland, Canada, based upon allozyme and mitochondrial DNA variation. J. Fish Biol. 39:79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grant, W. S. (1987). Genetic divergence between congeneric Atlantic and Pacific Ocean fishes. In Ryman, N., and Utter, F. (eds.), Population genetics and fishery management. University of Washington Press, Seattle, pp. 225-246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guynomard, R., and Krieg, F. (1983). Electrophoretic variation in six populations of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.). Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 25:403.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gyllensten, U. (1985). The genetic structure of fish: Differences in the intraspecific distribution of biochemical genetic variation between marine, anadromous and freshwater species. J. Fish Biol. 26:691.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, I. J., and Howes, G. J. (1991). The pharyngobranchial organ of mugilid fishes: its structure, variability, ontogeny, possible function and taxonomic utility. Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Zool) 57:111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herzberg, A., and Pasteur, R. (1975). The identification of grey mullet species by disc electrophoresis. Aquaculture 5:99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klugge, A. G., and Farris, J. S. (1969). Quantitative phyletics and the evolution of anurans. Syst. Zool. 18:1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, S. C., Chang, J. T., and Tsu, Y. Y. (1995). Genetic relationships of four Taiwan mullets (Pisces: Perciformes: Mugilidae). J. Fish Biol. 46:159.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDowall, R. (1988). Diadromy in fishes. Migrations between fresh water and marine environments. University Press, Cambridge p. 299.

    Google Scholar 

  • Menezes, M. R., Martins, M., and Naik, S. (1992). Interspecific genetic divergence in grey mullets from the Goa region. Aquaculture 105:117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Minos, G., Katselis, G., Kaspiris, P., and Ondrias, I. (1995). Comparison of the change in morphological pattern during the growth in length of the grey mullets, Liza ramada and Liza saliens from Western Greece. Fish. Res. 23:143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, R. H. (1974). General ecology, distribution and relative abundance of Mugil cephalus and Mugil curema on the south Texas coast. Contrib. Mar. Sci. 18:241.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nei, M. (1972). Genetic distance between populations. Amer. Natur. 106:283.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, J. S. (1994). Fishes of the world. Wiley and Sons Inc, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Page, R. D. M. (1996). TREEVIEW: an application to display phylogenetic trees on personal computers. Comp. Appl. Biosci. 12:357.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rice, W. R. (1989). Analyzing tables of statistical tests. Evolution 43:223.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenblatt, R. H., and Waples, R. S. (1986). A genetic comparison of allopatric populations of shore fish species from the Eastern and Central pacific Ocean: Dispersal or vicariance? Copeia 2:275.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossi, A. R., Gornung, E., and Crosetti, D. (1997). Cytogenetic analysis of Liza ramada (Pisces, Perciformes) by different staining techniques and fluorescent in situ hybridization. Heredity 79:83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossi, A. R., Capula, M., Crosetti, D., Campton, D. E., and Sola, L. (1998). Genetic divergence and phylogenetic inferences in five species of Mugilidae (Pisces: Perciformes). Mar. Biol. 131:213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossi, A. R., Gornung, E., Crosetti, D., DeInnocentiis, S., and Sola, L. (2000). Cytogenetic analysis of Oedalechilus labeo (Pisces: Mugilidae), with report of NOR variability. Mar. Biol. 136:159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saitou, N., and Nei, M. (1987). The Neighbour-Joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol. Biol. Evol. 4:406.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schultz, L. P. (1946). A revision of the genera of Mullets, fishes of the family Mugilidae with descriptions of three new genera. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 96:377.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaklee, J. B., Tamaru, C. S., and Waples, R. S. (1982). Speciation and evolution of marine fishes studied by electrophoretic analysis of proteins. Pacific Sci. 36:141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaklee, J. B., Allendorf, F. W., Morizot, D. C., and Whitt, G. S. (1990). Gene nomenclature for protein-coding loci in fish. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 119:2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siciliano, M. J., and Shaw, C. R. (1976). Separation and visualization of enzymes on gels. In: Smith, I. (eds.), Chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques. Vol. II, Zone electrophoresis. Year Book Medical Publishers Inc, Chicago, pp. 185-209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, P. J., and Fujio, Y. (1982). Genetic variation in marine teleosts: High variability in habitat specialists and low variability in habitat generalists. Mar. Biol. 69:7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sneath, P. H. A., and Sokal, R. R. (1973). Numerical taxonomy—The principles and practice of numerical classification. Freeman, W. H. and Co., San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stiassny, M. L. J. (1993). What are grey mullets? Bull. Mar. Sci. 52:197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swift, D. (1985). Aquaculture training manual. Fishing News Books Ltd.

  • Swofford, D. L., and Selander, R. B. (1981). BIOSYS-1: A computer program for the analysis of allelic variation in genetics. Rel. 1.0. Department of Genetics and Development. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Urbana, Illinois 60801, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taggart, J., Ferguson, A., and Mason, F. M. (1981). Genetic variation in Irish populations of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.): Electrophoretic analysis of allozymes. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 69B:393.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thiede, J. (1978). A glacial Mediterranean. Nature 276:680.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, J. M. (1963). Synopsis of biological data on the grey mullet (Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758). Division of Fisheries and oceanography, CSIRO, Australia, Fisheries Synopsis 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, J. M. (1966). The grey mullet. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. 4:301.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, J. M. (1981). The taxonomy of grey mullets. In: Oren, O. H. (ed.), Aquaculture of Grey Mullets. Cambridge University Press pp. 1-16.

  • Torricelli, P., Tongiorgi, P., and Almansi, P. (1982). Migration of grey mullet fry into the Arno river: Seasonal appearance, daily activity and feeding rhythms. Fish. Res. 1:19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tortonese, E. (1975). Fauna d' Italia. Osteichthyes (Pessi Ossei). Parte Seconda. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, pp. 11-26.

  • Trewavas, E., and Ingham, S. E. (1972). A key to the species of Mugilidae (Pisces) in the northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean, with explanatory notes. J. Zool. 167:15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsvetnenko, Y. B. (1987). Biochemical polymorphism and genetic variability of Mullets. Trudy VNIRO, Rybokhoz. Issled. v. Azovo-Chernom. Basseyne. Moscow, pp. 107-120.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Biology, Division of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Patras, Patras, Greece, 26500

    V. Papasotiropoulos, G. Kilias & S. Alahiotis

  2. Dept. of Biology, Division of Animal Zoology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece, 26500

    E. Klossa-Kilia

Authors
  1. V. Papasotiropoulos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. E. Klossa-Kilia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. G. Kilias
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. S. Alahiotis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to G. Kilias.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Papasotiropoulos, V., Klossa-Kilia, E., Kilias, G. et al. Genetic Divergence and Phylogenetic Relationships in Grey Mullets (Teleostei: Mugilidae) Using Allozyme Data. Biochem Genet 39, 155–168 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010289224573

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010289224573

Search

Navigation