Abstract
Similar to some complex chemical systems, many reactions are involved in a microbial process. One of the initial tasks for both systems consists of considering the stoichiometric relations among the different chemical reactants. In the present work, a methodology to establish the stoichiometric relations in microbial processes is shown. The yield of biomass from the C-source can be calculated from these relations by using two types of system descriptions found in the literature, the black box model and metabolic description. The former represents microbial growth by means of a chemical reaction which contains the accumulating compounds. The description is based on element, electric charge and Gibbs energy balances. The metabolic model also describes the intracellular biochemical reactions. The model is based on the specification of a set of reactions which contain all the accumulating and catalytic species. In the present work, the biomass yield is calculated for the Candida utilis–glucose system by using both models. Results are compared with the measured yield and the available data in the literature, showing a good agreement.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andrews, G. 1989 Estimating cell and product yields. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 33, 256–265.
Andrews, G. 1993 The yield equations in the modeling and control of bioprocesses. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42, 549–556.
Erickson, L.E. 1980 Material and energy balance constrains on bioprocesses yields. Journal of Fermentation Technology 58, 53–61.
Erickson, L.E., Minkevich, I.G. & Eroshin, V.K. 1978 Application of mass and energy balance regularities in fermentation. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 20, 1595–1621.
Gommers, P.J.F., Van Schie, B.J., Van Dijken, J.P. & Kuenen, J.G. 1988 Biochemical limits to microbial growth yields: An analysis of mixed substrate utilization. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32, 86–94.
Heijnen, J.J. 1991 Bioenergetics and biokinetics of microbial growth and product formation. Lecture notes. Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands.
Heijnen, J.J. & Roels, J.A. 1981 A macroscopic model describing yield and maintenance relationships in aerobic fermentation processes. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23, 739–763.
Heijnen, J.J. & Van Dijken, J.P. 1992 In search of a thermodynamic description of biomass yields for the chemotrophic growth of microorganisms. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 39, 833–858.
Heijnen, J.J., Van Loosdrecht, M.C.M. & Tijhuis, L. 1992 A black box mathematical model to calculate auto-and heterotrophic biomass yields based on Gibbs energy dissipation. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 40, 1139–1154.
McCready, R.M., Guggolz, J. & Owens, H.S. 1950 Determination of starch and amylose in vegetables: Application to peas. Analytical Chemistry 22, 1156–1158.
Minkevich, I.G. & Eroshin, V.K. 1973 Productivity and heat generation of fermentation under oxygen limitation. Folia Microbiologica 18, 376–385.
Mitchell, P. 1966 Chemiosmotic coupling in oxidative and photosynthetic phosphorylation. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 41, 445–502.
Noorman, H., Heijnen, J.J. & Luyben, K.Ch.A.M. 1991 Linear relations in microbial reaction systems: A general overview of their origin, form and use. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38, 603–618.
Papoutsakis, E.T. 1984 Equations and calculations for fermentations of butyric acid bacteria. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 26, 174–187.
Roels, J.A. 1980 Bioengineering report: Application of macroscopic principles to microbial metabolism. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22, 2457–2514.
Roels, J.A. 1983 Energetics and Kinetics in Biotechnology. Amsterdam: Elsevier Biomedical Press. ISBN 0-444-80442-0.
Stephanopoulos, G. & San, K.Y. 1984 Studies on on-line bioreactor identification. I. theory. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 26, 1176–1188.
Stouthamer, A.H. 1973 A theoretical study on the amount of ATP required for synthesis of microbial cell material. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology 29, 545–565.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tobajas, M., Garcia-Calvo, E. Determination of biomass yield for growth of Candida utilis on glucose: Black box and metabolic descriptions. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 15, 431–438 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008911630776
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008911630776