Skip to main content
Log in

Molecular characterization and genetic relatedness among walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes based on RAPD markers

  • Published:
Euphytica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The potential use of the Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique for characterization and assessment of genetic relationships was investigated in nineteen walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes used as parents or released as cultivars from the breeding program of the University of California at Davis. Most of the 72 decamer primers used yielded scorable amplification patterns based on discernable bands. The results obtained produced a unique fingerprint for each of the walnut genotypes studied. Cluster analysis separated the 19 walnut genotypes into two main groups whose differences were related to their pedigree. Genotypes sharing common parents tend to group together and with at least one of the parents. Thus, RAPD markers can detect enough polymorphism to differentiate among walnut genotypes, even among closely related genotypes, and the genetic similarity based on RAPDs appears to reflect the known pedigree information. RAPD technology can be useful in current walnut breeding programs, allowing the identification of new cultivars as well as the assessment of the genetic similarity among genotypes which will help in selecting the best parents to obtain new genetic combinations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aleta, N., C. Olarte, M.J. Truco & P. Arus, 1989. Identification of walnut cultivars by isozyme analysis. Acta Horticulturae 284: 91-96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aleta, N., M. Rovira, A. Ninot & P. Arus, 1993. Inheritance of four isozymes in walnut. Acta Horticulturae 311: 62-65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aly, A.M.M., R.G. Fjellstrom, G.H. McGranahan & D.E. Parfitt, 1992. Origin of walnut somatic embryos determined by RFLP and isozyme analysis. HortScience 27: 61-63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arulsekar, S., D.E. Parfitt & G.H. McGranahan, 1985. Isozyme gene markers in Juglansspecies. J Heredity 76: 103-106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arulsekar, S., G.H. McGranahan & D.E. Parfitt, 1986. Inheritance of phospho-glucomutase and esterase isozymes in Persian walnut. J Heredity 77: 220-221.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aruna, M., P. Ozias-Akins & M.E. Austin, 1993. Genetic relatedness among rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) cultivars determined by DNA amplification using single primers of arbitrary sequence. Genome 36: 971-977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ayliffe, M.A., G.J. Lawrence, J.G. Ellis & A.J. Pryor, 1994. Heteroduplex molecules formed between allelic sequences cause nonparetnal RAPD bands. Nucl Acids Res 22(9): 1632-1636.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bachmann, K., 1994. Molecular markers in plant ecology. The New Phytologist 126: 403-418.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doyle, J.J.& J.L. Doyle, 1987. A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochem Bull 19: 11-15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dudley, J.W., 1994. Comparison of genetic distance estimators using molecular marker data. Analysis of molecular marker data. Joint plant breeding Symposia series. Am Soc Hort Sci Crop Sci Soc USA, pp. 3-7.

  • Dunemann, F., R. Kahnau & H. Schmidt, 1994. Genetic relationships in Malusevaluated by RAPD fingerprinting of cultivars and wild species. Plant Breed 113(2): 150-159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dweikat, I., S. Mackenzie, L. Morris & H. Ohm, 1993. Pedigree assessment using RAPD-DGGE in cereal crop species. Theor Appl Genet 85: 497-505.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fabbri, A., J.I. Hormaza & V.S. Polito, 1995. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of olive (Olea europaeaL.) cultivars. J Am Soc Hort Sci 120(3): 538-542.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Falconer, D.S., 1989. Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. 3rd. ed. Longman, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fjellstrom, R.G. & D.E. Parfitt, 1994a. RFLP inheritance and linkage in walnut. Theor Appl Genet 89(6): 665-670.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fjellstrom, R.G. & D.E. Parfitt, 1994b. Walnut (Juglansspp.) genetic diversity determined by restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Genome 37(4): 690-700.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fjellstrom, R.G. & D.E. Parfitt, 1995. Phylogenetic analysis and evolution of the genus Juglans(Juglandaceae) as determined from nuclear genome RFLPs. Plant Syst Evol 197(1-4): 19-32.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fjellstrom, R.G., D.E. Parfitt & G.H. McGranahan, 1994. Genetic relationship and characterization of Persian walnut (Juglans regiaL.) cultivars using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLPs). J Am Soc Hort Sci 119(4): 833-839.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Forde, H.I. & G.H. McGranahan, 1996. Walnuts. In: J. Janick & J.N. Moore (Eds.), Fruit Breeding, Vol III. Nuts, pp. 241-273. John Wiley & Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Germain, E., I. Hanquier & R. Monet, 1993. Identification of eight Juglansspp. and their interspecific hybrids by isoenzymatic electrophoresis. Acta Horticulturae 311: 73-81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hallden, C., N.O. Nilsson, I.M. Rading & T. Sall, 1994. Evaluation of RFLP and RAPD markers in a comparison of Brassica napusbreeding lines. Theor Appl Genet 88(1): 123-128.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hormaza, J.I., L. Dollo & V.S. Polito, 1994. Determination of relatedness and geographicalmovement of Pistacia veraL. (pistachio; Anacardiaceae) germplasm by RAPD analysis. Econ Bot 48(4): 349-358.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, G.J. & R.E. Page, 1992. Patterns of inheritance with RAPD molecular markers reveal novel types of polymorphism in the honey bee. Theor Appl Genet 85(1): 15-20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lamboy, W.F., 1994. Computing genetic similarity coefficients from RAPD data: the effects of PCR artifacts. PCR Methods Appl 4: 31-37.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Louskas, M., K. Pontikis, I. Vergini & K. Papalexandras, 1984. Identification ofwalnut and filbert cultivars by isoenzymatic electrophoresis. Acta Horticulturae 311: 73-81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Molvolti, M.E., M. Pigliucci, F. Cannata & S. Fineschi, 1993. Genetic variation in Italian populations of Juglans regia. Acta Horticulturae 311: 86-91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malvolti, M.E., S. Fineschi & M. Pigliucci, 1994. Morphological integration and genetic variability in Juglans regiaL. J Heredity 85: 389-394.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGranahan, G.H. & C. Leslie, 1990. Walnuts (Juglans). Acta Horticulturae 290: 905-951.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGranahan, G.H., W. Tulecke, S. Arulsekar & J.J. Hansen, 1986. Intergeneric hybridization in the Juglandaceae: Pterocaryaspp.×Juglans regia. J Am Soc Hort Sci 111(4): 627-630.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nei, M. & W.H. Li, 1979. Mathematical model for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction endonucleases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 5269-5273.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Newbury, H.J. & B.V. Ford-Lloyd, 1993. The use of RAPD for assessing variation in plants. Plant Growth Regulation 12: 43- 51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pooler, M.R. & R. Scorza, 1995. Aberrant transmission of RAPD markers in haploids, doubled haploids, and F1 hybrids of peach: observations and speculations on causes. Scientia Horticulturae 64: 233-241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riedy, M.F., W.J. Hamilton & C.F. Aquadro, 1992. Excess of non-parental bands in offspring from known primate pedigress assayed using RAPD PCR. Nucl Acids Res 20(4): 918.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rieseberg, L.H., 1996. Homology among RAPD fragments in interspecific comparisons. Mol Ecol 5: 99-105.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rink, G., G. Zhang, Z. Jinghua, F.H. Kung & E.R. Carroll, 1994. Mating parameters in Juglans nigraL. seed orchard similar to natural population estimates. Silvae Genetica 43(4): 261-263.

    Google Scholar 

  • Serr, E.F., 1969. Persian walnuts in the western states. In: R.A. Jaynes (Ed.), Handboof of North American Nut Trees, pp. 240- 263. W.F. Humphry Press Inc., Geneva, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solar, A., J. Smole & F. Stampar, 1993. Identification of walnut cultivars by pollen isozymes. Acta Horticulturae 311: 95-99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solar, A., J. Smole, F. Stampar & M. Virscekmarn, 1994. Characterization of isozyme variation in walnut (Juglans regiaL.). Euphytica 77(1-2): 105-112.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tulecke, W. & G.H. McGranahan, 1994. The walnut germplasm collection at the University of California, Davis; a description of the collections and a history of the breeding program of Eugene F. Serr and H.I. Forde. Genetic Resources Conservation Program, University of California, Davis, Rpt. 13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warburton, M.L. & F.A. Bliss, 1996. Genetic diversity in peach (Prunus persicaL. Batch) revealed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA( RAPD)markers and compared to inbreeding coefficients. J Am Soc Hort Sci 121(6): 1012-1019.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weising, K., H. Nybom, K. Wolff & W. Meyer, 1995. DNA fingerprinting in plants and fungi. CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, Florida.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wenheng, C.S.Y., 1984. Taxonomic studies of ten species of the genus Juglansbased on isozymic zymograms. Acta Hort Sinica 14(2): 90-96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J.G.K., A.R. Kubelik, K.J. Livak, J.A. Rafalski & S.V. Tingey, 1990. DNA polymorphism amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucl Acid Res 18: 6531-6535.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J.G.K., M.K. Hanafey, J.A. Rafalski & S.V. Tingey, 1993. Genetic analysis using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA markers. Methods Enzymol 218: 704-740.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woeste, K., G.H. McGranahan & R. Bernatzky, 1996a. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA loci from a walnut backcross [(Juglans hindsii× J. regia) ×J. regia]. J Am Soc Hort Sci 121: 358-361.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woeste, K., G.H. McGranahan & R. Bernatzky, 1996b. The identification and characterization of a genetic marker linked to hypersensitivity to the cherry leafroll virus in walnut. Mol Breed 2(3): 261-266.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Nicese, F., Hormaza, J. & McGranahan, G. Molecular characterization and genetic relatedness among walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes based on RAPD markers. Euphytica 101, 199–206 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018390120142

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018390120142

Navigation