Skip to main content
Log in

Invited: Routing Strategies for Capacity-Efficient and Fast-Restorable Mesh Optical Networks

  • Published:
Photonic Network Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Wavelength division multiplexed (WDM)-based mesh network infrastructures that route optical connections using intelligent optical cross-connects (OXCs) are emerging as the technology of choice to implement the next generation core optical networks. In these architectures a single OXC is capable of switching tens of terabits of traffic per second. With such data transfer rates at stake, it becomes increasingly challenging for carriers to (1) efficiently and cost-effectively operate and manage their infrastructure, and (2) cope with network failures while guaranteeing prescribed service level agreements (SLAs) to their customers. Proper routing of primary and backup paths is a critical component of the routing and restoration architecture required to meeting these challenges. In this paper we review some of the various strategies and approaches proposed so far to intelligently route connections while at the same time providing guaranteed protection against various types of network failures. We explore the tradeoffs associated with these approaches, and investigate in particular different, sometimes competing aspects, such as cost/capacity required, level of protection (link vs. node failure), restoration time, and complexity of route computation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. T. E. Stern, K. Bala, Multiwavelength optical networks: A layered approach (Prentice Hall, May 1999).

  2. D. Benjamin, R. Trudel, S. Shew, E. Kus, Optical services over an intelligent optical network, IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 39,no. 9, (Sept. 2001), pp. 73–78.

    Google Scholar 

  3. E. Varma, S. Sankaranarayanan, G. Newsome, Z. Lin, H. Epstein, Architecting the services optical network, IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 39,no. 9, (Sept. 2001), pp. 80–87.

    Google Scholar 

  4. A. McGuire, S. Mirza, D. Freeland, Application of control plane technology to dynamic configuration management, IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 39,no. 9, (Sept. 2001), pp. 94–99.

    Google Scholar 

  5. S. Chaudhuri, E. Bouillet, G. Ellinas, Addressing Transparency in DWDM Mesh Survivable Networks, Proc. of OFC 2001, paper Tu05, Anaheim, CA (March 2001).

  6. B. Rajagopalan et al., IP over Optical Networks: A Framework, draft-many-ip-optical-framework-03.txt, IETF draft, (Jan. 2001).

  7. B. Rajagopalan, D. Pendarakis, D. Saha, S. Ramamurthy, K. Bala, IP over optical networks: Architectural aspects, IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 38, no. 9, (Sept. 2000), pp. 94–102.

    Google Scholar 

  8. G. Bernstein, J. Yates, D. Saha, Control and management of optical transport networks, IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 38,no. 10, (Oct. 2000), pp. 94-102.

    Google Scholar 

  9. G. Hjálmtýsson, J. Yates, S. Chaudhuri, A. Greenberg, Smart routers—simple optics: An architecture for the optical internet, IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 18,no. 12, (Dec. 2000), pp. 1880-1891.

    Google Scholar 

  10. G. Bernstein, J. Yates, D. Saha: IP-centric control and management of optical transport networks, IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 38, no. 10, (Oct. 2000), pp. 161–167.

    Google Scholar 

  11. K. Sato, S. Okamoto, Photonic transport technologies to create robust backbone networks, IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 37,no. 8, (Aug. 1999), pp. 78–87.

    Google Scholar 

  12. B. Rajagopalan et al., User Network Interface (UNI) 1.0 Signaling Specification, OIF Implementation Agreement OIF-UNI-01.0, (Oct. 2001).

  13. E. Mannie et al., Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching Architecture, draft-many-gmpls-architecture-01.txt, IETF draft, (Nov. 2001).

  14. L. Berger et al., Generalized MPLS—Signaling Functional Description, draft-ietf-mpls-generalized-signaling-07.txt, IETF draft, (Nov. 2001).

  15. L. Berger et al., Generalized MPLS Signaling—RSVP-TE Extensions, draft-ietf-mpls-generalized-rsvp-te-06.txt, IETF draft, (Nov. 2001).

  16. J. Lang et al., Link Management Protocol (LMP), draft-ietf-ccamp-lmp-02.txt, IETF draft, (Nov. 2001).

  17. A. Fredette et al., Link Management Protocol (LMP) for DWDM Optical Line Systems, draft-fredette-lmp-wdm-03.txt, IETF draft, (Nov. 2001).

  18. J. Moy et al., OSPF version 2, IETF RFC 2328, (April 1998).

  19. P. Demeester et al., Resilience in multilayer networks, IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 37,no. 8, (Aug. 1999), pp. 70–76.

    Google Scholar 

  20. S. Makam et al., Framework for MPLS Based Recovery, draft-ietf-mpls-recovery-frmwrk-03.txt, IETF draft, (July 2001).

  21. J. Manchester, P. Bonenfant, C. Newton, The evolution of transport network survivability, IEEE Communication Magazine, vol. 37,no. 8, (Aug. 1999), pp. 44–51.

    Google Scholar 

  22. R. Doverspike, S. Phillips, J. Westbrook, Transport network architectures in an IP world, Proc. of IEEE Infocom 2000, Tel Aviv, Israel, vol. 1, (March 2000), pp. 305–314.

    Google Scholar 

  23. G. Ellinas, et al., Routing & Restoration Architectures in Mesh Optical Networks, to appear in Optical Network Magazine.

  24. S. Chaudhuri, R. Ramamurthy, S. Sengupta: Comparison of Centralized and Distributed Provisioning of Lightpaths in Optical Networks, Proc. of OFC 2001, paper MH4, Anaheim, CA, March 2001.

  25. E. Bouillet, J.-F. Labourdette, G. Ellinas, R. Ramamurthy, S. Chaudhuri, Stochastic approaches to route shared mesh restored lightpaths in optical mesh networks, Proc. of IEEE Infocom 2002, New York, NY, June 2002.

  26. J. Strand, A. Chiu, R. Tkach, Issues for routing in the optical layer, IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 39,no. 2, (Feb. 2001), pp. 81–87.

    Google Scholar 

  27. R. Ramamurthy et al., Capacity performance of dynamic provisioning in optical networks, IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 19,no. 1, (Jan. 2001), pp. 40–48.

    Google Scholar 

  28. S. Lumetta, M. Medard, Towards a deeper understanding of link restoration algorithms for mesh networks, Proc. of IEEE Infocom 2001, vol. 1, Anchorage, Alaska, (April 2001), pp. 367–375.

    Google Scholar 

  29. E. Modiano, A. Narula-Tam, Survivable routing of logical topologies in WDM networks, Proc. of IEEE Infocom 2001, vol. 1, Anchorage, Alaska, (April 2001), pp. 348–357.

    Google Scholar 

  30. R. Doverspike, J. Yates, Challenges for MPLS in optical network restoration, IEEE Communication Magazine, vol. 39,no. 2, (Feb. 2001), pp. 89–96.

    Google Scholar 

  31. S. Datta, S. Sengupta, S. Biswas, S. Datta, Efficient channel reservation for backup paths in optical mesh networks, Proc. of IEEE Globecom 2001, vol. 4, San Antonio, TX, (Nov. 2001), pp. 2104–2108.

    Google Scholar 

  32. G. Austin et al., Fast, scalable, and distributed restoration in general mesh optical networks, Bell-Labs Technical Journal, vol. 6,no. 1, (Jan.–June 2001).

  33. B. Doshi, S. Dravida, P. Harshavardhana, O. Hauser, Y. Wang, Optical network design and restoration, Bell-Labs Technical Journal, vol. 4,no. 1, (Jan.–March 1999), pp. 58–84.

    Google Scholar 

  34. C.-W. Chao, P. M. Dollard, J. E. Weythman, L. T. Nguyen, H. Eslambolchi: FASTAR—A robust system for fast DS3 restoration, Proc. of IEEE Globecom 1991, (Phoenix, AZ, Dec. 1991), pp. 1396–1400.

  35. W. D. Grover, in Distributed restoration of the transport network, in Telecommunications Network Management into the 21st Century—Techniques, Standards, Technologies and Applications, eds. S. Aidarous, T. Plevyak (IEEE Press, 1994).

  36. B. O. Venables, W. D. Grover, M. H. MacGregor, Two strategies for spare capacity placement in mesh restorable networks, Proc. of IEEE ICC 1993, (Geneva, Switzerland, May 1993), vol. 1, pp. 267–271.

    Google Scholar 

  37. M. Herzberg, S. Bye, An optimal spare-capacity assignment model for survivable networks with hop limits, Proc. of IEEE Globecom 1994, (New orleans, LA, May 1994), pp. 1601–1607.

  38. R. Iraschko, M. H. MacGregor, W. D. Grover, Optimal capacity placement for path restoration in STM or ATM mesh survivable networks, IEEE/ACM Trans. on Networking, vol. 6,no. 3, (June 98), pp. 325–336.

    Google Scholar 

  39. R. R. Iraschko, M. H. MacGregor, W. D. Grover, Optimal capacity placement for path restoration in mesh survivable networks, Proc. of ICC 1996, Dallas, TX, (June 1996), IEEE ICC, vol. 3, pp. 1568–1574.

    Google Scholar 

  40. S. Ramamurthy, B. Mukherjee, Survivable WDM mesh networks. Part I—Protection, Proc. of IEEE Infocom 1999, (New York, NY, March 1999), vol. 2, pp. 744–751.

    Google Scholar 

  41. S. Ramamurthy, B. Mukherjee, Survivable WDM mesh networks, Part II—Restoration, Proc. of IEEE ICC 1999, (Vancouver, Canada, June 1999), vol. 3, pp. 2023–2030.

    Google Scholar 

  42. J. W. Suurballe, Disjoint Paths in a Network, Networks, vol. 4,no. 2, (Apr.–June 1974), pp. 125–145.

    Google Scholar 

  43. R. Bhandari, Survivable Networks: Algorithms for Diverse Routing (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999).

  44. G. Chartrand, L. Lesniak, Graphs & Digraphs (Chapman and Hall, 1996).

  45. M. Garey, D. Johnson, Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness (W. H. Freeman and Company, 1979).

  46. J. Doucette, W. Grover, T. Bach, Bi-criteria studies of mesh network restoration: path length vs. capacity tradeoffs, Proc. of OFC 2001, paper TuG2, Anaheim, CA (March 2001).

  47. E. Bouillet, J.-F. Labourdette, R. Ramamurthy, S. Chaudhuri, Enhanced algorithm cost model to control tradeoffs in provisioning shared mesh restored lightpaths, Proc. of OFC 2002, paper ThW2, Anaheim, CA (March 2002), pp. 544–546.

  48. E. Bouillet, J.-F. Labourdette, R. Ramamurthy, Impact of link cost assignment on routing in optical mesh networks, Internal Tellium Report, (2001).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Labourdette, JF., Bouillet, E., Ramamurthy, R. et al. Invited: Routing Strategies for Capacity-Efficient and Fast-Restorable Mesh Optical Networks. Photonic Network Communications 4, 219–235 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016035208570

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016035208570

Navigation