This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
REFERENCES
S. Agrawal and R. P. Iyer. Perspectives in antisense therapeutics. Pharmacol. Ther. 76:151-160 (1997).
K. R. Oldenberg, K. T. Vo, G. A. Smith, and H. E. Selick. Iontophoretic delivery of oligonucleotides across full thickness hairless mouse skin. J. Pharm. Sci. 84:915-921 (1995).
R. M. Brand, A. Wahl, and P. L. Iversen. Effects of size and sequence on the iontophoretic delivery of oligonucleotides. J. Pharm. Sci. 87:49-52 (1998).
P. J. White, R. D. Fogarty, I. J. Liepe, P. M. Delaney, G. A. Werther, and C. J. Wraight. Live confocal microscopy of oligonucleotide uptake by keratinocytes in human skin grafts on nude mice. J. Invest. Dermatol. 112:887-892 (1999).
V. Regnier and V. Preat. Localization of a FITC-labeled phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide in the skin after topical delivery by iontophoresis and electroporation. Pharm. Res. 15:1596-1602 (1998).
R. L. Bronaugh and R. F. Stewart. Methods for in vitro percutaneous absorption studies V: permeation through damaged skin. J. Pharm. Sci. 74:1062-1066 (1985).
S. Kitagawa and H. Li. Effects of removal of stratum corneum, delipidization and addition of enhancers, ethanol and l-menthol, on skin permeation of benzoic acid and its 4-n-alkyl substituents in excised guinea pig dorsal skin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 47:44-47 (1999).
R. M. Brand and P. L. Iversen. Transdermal delivery of antisense compounds. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 44:51-57 (2000).
J. Hadgraft. Passive enhancement strategies in topical and transdermal drug delivery. Int. J. Pharm. 184:1-6 (1999).
S. T. Crooke. Delivery of oligonucleotides and polynucleotides. J. Drug Target 3:185-190 (1995).
R. M. Crooke, M. J. Graham, M. E. Crooke, and S. T. Crooke. In vitro pharmacokinetics of phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 275:462-473 (1995).
R. M. Brand and P. L. Iversen. Iontophoretic delivery of a telomeric oligonucleotide. Pharm. Res. 13:851-854 (1996).
R. S. Geary, J. M. Leeds, J. Fitchett, T. Burckin, L. Truong, C. Spainhour, M. Greek, and A. A. Levin. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism in mice of a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide antisense inhibitor of C-raf-1 kinase expression. Drug Metab. Dispos. 25:1272-1281 (1997).
H. Sueki, C. Gammal, K. Kudoh, and A. M. Kligman. Hairless guinea pig skin: anatomical basis for studies of cutaneous biology. Eur. J. Dermatol. 10:357-364 (2000).
K. C. Moon, R. C. Wester, and H. I. Maibach. Diseased skin models in the hairless guinea pig skin: in vivo percutaneous absorption. Dermatologica 180:8-12 (1990).
D. F. Woodward, A. L. Nieves, L. S. Williams, C. S. Spada, S. B. Hawley, and J. L. Duenes. A new hairless strain of guinea pig: characterization of the cutaneous morphology and pharmacology. In H. I. Maibach, N. J. Lowe (eds.), Models in Dermatology, Vol. 4, Karger, Basel, Switzerland, 1989 pp. 71-78.
S. K. Brantley, S. F. Davidson, and S. K. Das. A dose-related curve of wound tensile strength following ultraviolet irradiation in the hairless guinea pig. Am. J. Med. Sci. 302:75-81 (1991).
P. M. Lai and M. S. Roberts. An analysis of solute structure-human epidermal transport relationships in epidermal iontophoresis using the ionic mobility: pore model. J. Control Release 58:323-333 (1999).
R. van der Geest, F. Hueber, F. C. Szoka Jr, and R. H. Guy. Iontophoresis of bases, nucleosides, and nucleotides. Pharm. Res. 13:553-558 (1996).
R. C. Mehta, K. K. Sleeker, S. R. Cooper, M. V. Templin, Y. J. Tsai, T. P. Condon, C. F. Bennett, and G. E. Hardee. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 suppression in skin by topical delivery of antisense oligonucleotides. J. Invest. Dermatol. 115:805-812 (2000).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lin, W., Cormier, M., Samiee, A. et al. Transdermal Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides with Microprojection Patch (macroflux®) Technology. Pharm Res 18, 1789–1793 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013395102049
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013395102049