Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-dfsvx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-29T10:25:17.081Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Evaluating Resilience: Development and Validation of the Situated Subjective Resilience Questionnaire for Adults (SSRQA)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 October 2018

Jesús Alonso-Tapia ,
Helena Garrido-Hernansaiz Open the ORCID record for Helena Garrido-Hernansaiz [Opens in a new window] ,
Rocío Rodríguez-Rey ,
Miguel Ruiz Díaz  and
Carmen Nieto
Jesús Alonso-Tapia
Affiliation:
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain)
Helena Garrido-Hernansaiz*
Affiliation:
Centro Universitario Cardenal Cisneros (Spain)
Rocío Rodríguez-Rey
Affiliation:
Universidad Europea de Madrid (Spain)
Miguel Ruiz Díaz
Affiliation:
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain)
Carmen Nieto
Affiliation:
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain)
*
*Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Helena Garrido-Hernansaiz. Centro Universitario Cardenal Cisneros, adscrito a la Universidad de Alcalá de Henares. Departamento de Educación y Psicología. Avenida Jesuitas, 34, 28806 Alcalá de Henares (Spain). E-mail: helenagarrido42@gmail.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Although resilience varies depending on the specific type of adverse situation faced by the individual, to date resilience questionnaires do not consider its situational character. This study aims to develop and validate the Situated Subjective Resilience Questionnaire for Adults (SSRQA), which assesses resilience in five different adverse contexts. A total of 584 Spanish adults (including general population and clinical samples individuals) completed the SSRQA and other measures of resilience, optimism, and self-efficacy. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the SSRQA structure fitted the situational model better (χ2/df = 1.90; CFI = .96; TLI = .95; RMSEA = .07) than the non-situational version (χ2/df = 4.99; CFI = .79; TLI = .76; RMSEA = .15). The SSRQA was shown to be reliable (α = .90) and to be significantly and positively correlated with other resilience measures (p < .001) and, to a lower degree, with optimism and self-efficacy (p < .001). Degree of exposure to each adverse situation was negatively correlated with resilience in the face of that situation (p < .05), supporting a vulnerability to stress model. The SSRQA has been demonstrated to be a reliable and valid situated measure for resilience towards different adverse contexts.

Keywords

contextual assessmentexposure to adversityperson-situation interactionresilience assessmentstructural equation modeling
Type
Research Article
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 21 , 2018 , E39
Copyright
Copyright © Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Funding information: Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, grant reference EDU2012–37382

References

Aguado, J., Luciano, J. V., Cebolla, A., Serrano-Blanco, A., Soler, J., & García-Campayo, J. (2015). Bifactor analysis and construct validity of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ) in non-clinical Spanish samples. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 404. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00404CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alonso-Tapia, J., Garrido-Hernansaiz, H., Rodríguez-Rey, R., Ruiz, M., & Nieto, C. (2017). Personal factors underlying resilience: Development and validation of the Resiliency Questionnaire for Adults. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 19(2), 104–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623730.2017.1297248CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alonso-Tapia, J., Rodríguez-Rey, R., Garrido-Hernansaiz, H., Ruiz, M., & Nieto, C. (2016). Coping assessment from the perspective of the person-situation interaction: Development and validation of the Situated Coping Questionnaire for Adults (SCQA). Psicothema, 28(4), 479–486. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2016.19Google Scholar
Benight, C. C., & Cieslak, R. (2011). Cognitive factors and resilience: How self-efficacy contributes to coping with adversities. In Southwick, S., Litz, B., Charney, D., & Friedman, M. (Eds.), Resilience and Mental Health (pp. 45–55). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonanno, G. A., Brewin, C. R., Kaniasty, K., & La Greca, A. M. (2010). Weighing the costs of disaster: Consequences, risks, and resilience in individuals, families, and communities. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 11(1), 1–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100610387086CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boyce, W. T., & Ellis, B. J. (2005). Biological sensitivity to context: I. An evolutionary–developmental theory of the origins and functions of stress reactivity. Development and Psychopathology, 17(2), 271–301. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579405050145CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campbell-Sills, L., & Stein, M. B. (2007). Psychometric analysis and refinement of the Connor–Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC): Validation of a 10-item measure of resilience. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 20(6), 1019–1028. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20271CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, F. F. (2007). Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 14(3), 464–504. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510701301834CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conti, C. M., Maccauro, G., & Fulcheri, M. (2011). Psychological stress and cancer. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology, 24(1), 1–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guftafsson, J. E., & Åberg-Bengtsson, L. (2010). Unidimensionality and interpretability of psychological instruments. In Embretson, S. E. (Ed.), Measuring psychological constructs: Advances in model-based approaches (pp. 97–121). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hair, J. F. (2014). A primer on partial least squares structural equations modeling (PLS-SEM) . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson-Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Keye, M. D., & Pidgeon, A. M. (2013). Investigation of the relationship between resilience, mindfulness, and academic self-efficacy. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 1(6), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2013.16001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leipold, B., & Greve, W. (2009). Resilience: A conceptual bridge between coping and development. European Psychologist, 14(1), 40–50. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.14.1.40CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luthar, S. S. (2006). Resilience in development: A synthesis of research across five decades. In Cicchetti, D. & Cohen, D. J. (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology, Vol 3: Risk, disorder, and adaptation (2nd Ed., pp. 739–795). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470939406.ch20Google Scholar
Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Development, 71(3), 543–562.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Masten, A. S., & Narayan, A. J. (2012). Child development in the context of disaster, war, and terrorism: Pathways of risk and resilience. Annual Review of Psychology, 63(1), 227–257. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100356CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mattlin, J. A., Wethington, E., & Kessler, R. C. (1990). Situational determinants of coping and coping effectiveness. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 31(1), 103–122. https://doi.org/10.2307/2137048CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2012). Mplus user’s guide (7th Ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Author.Google Scholar
Notario-Pacheco, B., Martínez-Vizcaíno, V., Trillo-Calvo, E., Pérez-Yus, M. C., Serrano-Parra, D., & García-Campayo, J. (2014). Validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the 10-item CD-RISC in patients with fibromyalgia. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 12, 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-12-14CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Notario-Pacheco, B., Solera-Martínez, M., Serrano-Parra, M. D., Bartolomé-Gutiérrez, R., García-Campayo, J., & Martínez-Vizcaíno, V. (2011). Reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (10-item CD-RISC) in young adults. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 9, 63. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-9-63CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reaching IN... Reaching OUT (2010). Resilience: Successful navigation through significant threat (Report prepared for the Ontario Ministry of Children and Youth Services). Toronto, Canada: The Child & Family Partnership.Google Scholar
Rodríguez-Rey, R., Alonso-Tapia, J., & Hernansaiz-Garrido, H. (2016). Reliability and validity of the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) Spanish version. Psychological Assessment, 28(5), e101–e110. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000191CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sabouripour, F., & Roslan, S. B. (2015). Resilience, optimism and social support among international students. Asian Social Science, 11(15), 159–170. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v11n15p159CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seery, M. D., Holman, E. A., & Silver, R. C. (2010). Whatever does not kill us: Cumulative lifetime adversity, vulnerability, and resilience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99(6), 1025–1041. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021344CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Segovia, F., Moore, J. L., Linnville, S. E., Hoyt, R. E., & Hain, R. E. (2012). Optimism predicts resilience in repatriated prisoners of war: A 37-year longitudinal study. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 25(3), 330–336. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.21691CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Bernard, J. (2008). The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15(3), 194–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705500802222972CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vrijmoet-Wiersma, C. M. J., van Klink, J. M. M., Kolk, A. M., Koopman, H. M., Ball, L. M., & Egeler, R. M. (2008). Assessment of parental psychological stress in pediatric cancer: A review. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 33(7), 694–706. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsn007CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Windle, G., Bennett, K. M., & Noyes, J. (2011). A methodological review of resilience measurement scales. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 9(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-9-8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wu, C.-H. (2008). An examination of the wording effect in the Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale among culturally Chinese people. The Journal of Social Psychology, 148(5), 535–552. https://doi.org/10.3200/SOCP.148.5.535-552CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed