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Lakotacrinus brezinai n. gen. n. sp., a new stalked crinoid from cold methane seeps in the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Pierre Shale, South Dakota, United States

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2016

Aaron W. Hunter ,
Neal L. Larson ,
Neil H. Landman  and
Tatsuo Oji
Aaron W. Hunter
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Geology, Western Australian School of Mines, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth 6845, Australia 〈aaron.hunter@curtin.edu.au〉
Neal L. Larson
Affiliation:
Black Hills Museum of Natural History, PO Box 614, Hill City, South Dakota 57745, USA and Larson Paleontology Unlimited, 12799 Wolframite Road, Keystone, South Dakota 57751, USA 〈ammoniteguy@gmail.com〉
Neil H. Landman
Affiliation:
Division of Paleontology (Invertebrates), American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024-5192, USA 〈landman@amnh.org〉
Tatsuo Oji
Affiliation:
Nagoya University Museum, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan 〈oji@num.nagoya-u.ac.jp〉
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Abstract

Despite a rich and varied record, Mesozoic stalked crinoids are relatively rare in the Western Interior Seaway of North America compared to those found in Northern Europe. A unique example of Mesozoic stalked crinoid is described from cold methane seeps (hydrocarbon seep mounds also called “tepee buttes”) from the Upper Cretaceous (upper Campanian) of the Northern Great Plains of the United States; the first crinoids to be described from such an environment. The Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway has never before yielded any identifiable stalked crinoid remains. Nevertheless, there have been significant studies on both free living and stalked crinoids from other locations in the Upper Cretaceous of North America that provide a good basis for comparison. Lakotacrinus brezinai n. gen. n. sp. is characterized by a tapering homeomorphic column with through-going tubuli, lacking any attachment disc. The arms are unbranched and pinnulate, with muscular and syzygial articulations. The unique morphology of the column justifies the establishment of Lakotacrinidae new family. A new suborder Lakotacrinina n. subord., is also proposed as there exists no corresponding taxon within the Articulata that can accommodate all the characteristics of this new genus. This new crinoid shares many features with other members of the articulates, including bathycrinids, bourgueticrinids and guillecrinids within the Order Comatulida, as currently defined in the revised Treatise of Invertebrate Paleontology. Reconstructing the entire crinoid using hundreds of semi-articulated and disarticulated (well preserved) fossils, reveals a unique paleoecology and functional morphology specifically adapted to living within this hydrocarbon seep environment.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 90 , Issue 3 , May 2016 , pp. 506 - 524
Copyright
Copyright © 2016, The Paleontological Society 

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