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Surfactant effect on path instability of a rising bubble

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 December 2013

Yoshiyuki Tagawa ,
Shu Takagi  and
Yoichiro Matsumoto
Yoshiyuki Tagawa*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei-city, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
Shu Takagi
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
Yoichiro Matsumoto
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
*
†Email address for correspondence: tagawayo@cc.tuat.ac.jp
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Abstract

We report results from the first systematic experiments for investigating surfactant effects on path instability of an air bubble rising in quiescent water. The addition of surfactant to a gas–water system causes a non-uniform distribution of surfactant concentration along the bubble surface, resulting in variations in the gas–water boundary condition from zero shear stress to non-zero shear stress due to the Marangoni effect. This leads to retarded surface velocity and ends up with immobilization of the bubble surface with increasing surfactant concentration, where the drag corresponds to that of a solid sphere of the same size. Using two high-speed cameras and vertical traverse systems, we measure three-dimensional trajectories, velocities and aspect ratios of a millimetre-sized bubble simultaneously for ${\sim }1~\mathrm{m} $. Experimental parameters are the diameter of the bubble and the surfactant concentration of 1-Pentanol or Triton X-100. We explore the surfactant effect on the drag and lift forces acting on the bubble in helical motion. While the drag force monotonically increases with the surfactant concentration as expected, the lift force shows a non-monotonic behaviour. Nevertheless, the direction of the lift force in a reference frame that rotates with the bubble along its trajectory is kept almost constant. We also observe the transient trajectory starting from helical motion to zigzag, which has never been reported in the case of purified water. The instantaneous amplitude and frequency of the transient motion agree with those of the motion regarded as steady. Finally the bubble motions are categorized as straight/helical/zigzag and experimentally examined in the field of two dimensionless numbers: Reynolds number $\mathit{Re}\in $ [300 900] and the normalized drag coefficient ${ C}_{D}^{\ast } $ which represents the slip condition. Remarkably it is found that the motions of a bubble with the intermediate slip conditions between free-slip and no-slip are helical for a broad range of $\mathit{Re}$.

JFM classification

Drops and Bubbles: Bubble dynamics Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows: Multiphase flow Wakes/Jets: Wakes
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 738 , 10 January 2014 , pp. 124 - 142
Copyright
©2013 Cambridge University Press 

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