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Who is in the transition gap? Transition from CAMHS to AMHS in the Republic of Ireland

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 February 2015

F. McNicholas ,
M. Adamson ,
N. McNamara ,
B. Gavin ,
M. Paul ,
T. Ford ,
S. Barry ,
B. Dooley ,
I. Coyne  and
W. Cullen
...Show all authors
F. McNicholas*
Affiliation:
Deparment of Child Psychiatry, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland Lucena Clinic, Dublin, Ireland Our Lady’s Hospital for Sick Children, Crumlin, Ireland
M. Adamson
Affiliation:
Deparment of Child Psychiatry, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
N. McNamara
Affiliation:
University of Bedfordshire, Leeds, UK
B. Gavin
Affiliation:
Lucena Clinic, Dublin, Ireland
M. Paul
Affiliation:
University of Warwick, Warwick, UK
T. Ford
Affiliation:
University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
S. Barry
Affiliation:
Cluain Mhuire Adult Mental Health Service, Dublin, Ireland
B. Dooley
Affiliation:
Deparment of Child Psychiatry, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
I. Coyne
Affiliation:
Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
W. Cullen
Affiliation:
Department of General Practice, University of Limerick, Ireland
S. P. Singh
Affiliation:
University of Bedfordshire, Leeds, UK
*
*Address for correspondence: F. McNicholas, Lucena Clinic, 59 Orwell rd, Rathgar, Dublin 6, Ireland. (Email: fionamcn2008@gmail.com)
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Abstract

Objective

The ITRACK study explored the process and predictors of transition between Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) and Adult Mental Health Services (AMHS) in the Republic of Ireland.

Method

Following ethical approval, clinicians in each of Ireland’s four Health Service Executive (HSE) areas were contacted, informed about the study and were invited to participate. Clinicians identified all cases who had reached the transition boundary (i.e. upper age limit for that CAMHS team) between January and December 2010. Data were collected on clinical and socio-demographic details and factors that informed the decision to refer or not refer to the AMHS, and case notes were scrutinised to ascertain the extent of information exchanged between services during transition.

Results

A total of 62 service users were identified as having crossed the transition boundary from nine CAMHS [HSE Dublin Mid-Leinster (n=40, 66%), HSE South (n=18, 30%), HSE West (n=2, 3%), HSE Dublin North (n=1, 2%)]. The most common diagnoses were attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n=19, 32%), mood disorders (n=16, 27%), psychosis (n=6, 10%) and eating disorders (n=5, 8%). Forty-seven (76%) of those identified were perceived by the CAMHS clinician to have an ‘on-going mental health service need’, and of these 15 (32%) were referred, 11 (23%) young people refused and 21 (45%) were not referred, with the majority (12, 57%) continuing with the CAMHS for more than a year beyond the transition boundary. Young people with psychosis were more likely to be referred [χ2 (2, 46)=8.96, p=0.02], and those with ADHD were less likely to be referred [χ2 (2, 45)=8.89, p=0.01]. Being prescribed medication was not associated with referral [χ2 (2, 45)=4.515, p=0.11]. In referred cases (n=15), there was documented evidence of consent in two cases (13.3%), inferred in another four (26.7%) and documented preparation for transition in eight (53.3%). Excellent written communication (100%) was not supported by face-to-face planning meetings (n=2, 13.3%), joint appointments (n=1, 6.7%) or telephone conversations (n=1, 6.7%) between corresponding clinicians.

Conclusions

Despite perceived on-going mental health (MH) service need, many young people are not being referred or are refusing referral to the AMHS, with those with ADHD being the most affected. CAMHS continue to offer on-going care past the transition boundary, which has resource implications. Further qualitative research is warranted to understand, in spite of perceived MH service need, the reason for non-referral by the CAMHS clinicians and refusal by the young person.

Keywords

Adult psychiatry servicesAMHSCAMHSchild psychiatry servicestransition
Type
Original Research
Information
Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine , Volume 32 , Issue 1: Special Issue: Youth Mental Health , March 2015 , pp. 61 - 69
Copyright
© College of Psychiatrists of Ireland 2015 

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