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Environments of evolved massive stars: evidence for episodic mass ejections

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 November 2022

M. Kraus Open the ORCID record for M. Kraus [Opens in a new window] ,
L. S. Cidale ,
M. L. Arias ,
A. F. Torres ,
I. Kolka ,
G. Maravelias ,
D. H. Nickeler ,
W. Glatzel  and
T. Liimets
M. Kraus
Affiliation:
Astronomical Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Fričova 298, CZ-25165 Ondřejov, Czech Republic, email: michaela.kraus@asu.cas.cz
L. S. Cidale
Affiliation:
Departamento de Espectroscopía, Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas, UNLP, Paseo del Bosque S/N, La Plata, B1900FWA, Buenos Aires, Argentina Instituto de Astrofísica de La Plata (CCT La Plata - CONICET, UNLP) Paseo del Bosque S/N, La Plata, B1900FWA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
M. L. Arias
Affiliation:
Departamento de Espectroscopía, Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas, UNLP, Paseo del Bosque S/N, La Plata, B1900FWA, Buenos Aires, Argentina Instituto de Astrofísica de La Plata (CCT La Plata - CONICET, UNLP) Paseo del Bosque S/N, La Plata, B1900FWA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
A. F. Torres
Affiliation:
Departamento de Espectroscopía, Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas, UNLP, Paseo del Bosque S/N, La Plata, B1900FWA, Buenos Aires, Argentina Instituto de Astrofísica de La Plata (CCT La Plata - CONICET, UNLP) Paseo del Bosque S/N, La Plata, B1900FWA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
I. Kolka
Affiliation:
Tartu Observatory, University of Tartu, 61602 Tõravere, Tartumaa, Estonia
G. Maravelias
Affiliation:
IAASARS, National Observatory of Athens, GR-15236, Penteli, Greece Institute of Astrophysics, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, GR-70013, Heraklion, Greece
D. H. Nickeler
Affiliation:
Astronomical Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Fričova 298, CZ-25165 Ondřejov, Czech Republic, email: michaela.kraus@asu.cas.cz
W. Glatzel
Affiliation:
Institut für Astrophysik (IAG), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
T. Liimets
Affiliation:
Astronomical Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Fričova 298, CZ-25165 Ondřejov, Czech Republic, email: michaela.kraus@asu.cas.cz
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Abstract

The post-main sequence evolutionary path of massive stars comprises various transition phases, in which the stars shed large amounts of material into their environments. Our studies focus on two of them: B[e] supergiants and yellow hypergiants, for which we investigate the structure and dynamics within their environments. We find that each B[e] supergiant is surrounded by a unique set of rings or arc-like structures. These structures are either stable over time or they display high variability, including expansion and dilution. In contrast, yellow hypergiants are embedded in multiple shells of gas and dust. These objects are famous for their outburst activity. Moreover, the dynamics in their extended atmospheres imply an enhanced pulsation activity prior to outburst. The physical mechanism(s) leading to episodic mass ejections in these two types of stars is still uncertain. We propose that strange-mode instabilities, excited in the inflated envelopes of these objects, play a significant role.

Keywords

supergiantscircumstellar matterstars: mass lossstars: windsoutflows
Type
Contributed Paper
Information
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union , Volume 16 , Symposium S366: The Origin of Outflows in Evolved Stars , November 2020 , pp. 51 - 56
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of International Astronomical Union

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