Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-wq484 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T19:53:20.582Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Species composition and community structure of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) across major mango-growing regions in Uganda

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 April 2015

B.E. Isabirye ,
A.M. Akol ,
A. Mayamba ,
C.K. Nankinga  and
I. Rwomushana
B.E. Isabirye
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, PO Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA), PO Box 765, Entebbe, Uganda
A.M. Akol*
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, PO Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
A. Mayamba
Affiliation:
National Agricultural Research Laboratories (NARL), PO Box 7065, Kampala, Uganda
C.K. Nankinga
Affiliation:
National Agricultural Research Laboratories (NARL), PO Box 7065, Kampala, Uganda
I. Rwomushana
Affiliation:
Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA), PO Box 765, Entebbe, Uganda
*
*E-mail: aakol@cns.mak.ac.ug
Get access

Abstract

The species diversity of tephritid fruit flies in major mango-growing regions in Uganda was monitored over a 2-year period (2010–2012) using fruit bait and lure traps. A total of 368,332 specimens belonging to 10 species in four genera (Bactrocera, Ceratitis, Trirhithrum and Dacus) were collected. Of these, 98.9% belonged to Bactrocera invadens, while the second and third most common species were Dacus bivittatus (0.4%) and Ceratitis anonae (0.3%), respectively. Significant differences in the evenness and diversity of fruit fly species were noted across the regions. Fruit fly community structure was significantly different across the three regions. The Lake Victoria Crescent and Mbale Farmlands harboured significantly more D. ciliatus, T. coffeae, D. bivittatus and B. cucurbitae in contrast to the Northern Moist Farmlands and the Western Medium High Farmlands. Ceratitis rosa contributed the highest difference in regional structure, followed by C. fasciventris and C. cosyra. Rank abundance curves depicted a geometric series distribution of the species composition in the three regions, confirming a scenario of competitive displacement of native fruit fly species by B. invadens. A comprehensive and sustainable response strategy to B. invadens and other fruit flies needs to be urgently devised to protect the horticulture industry in Uganda.

Keywords

AnacardiaceaeBactroceraCeratitisTrirhithrumDacusDacinaehorticultureMangifera indicaspecies diversity
Type
Research Papers
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 35 , Issue 2 , June 2015 , pp. 69 - 79
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bengtsson, J., Ahnström, J. and Weibull, A.-C. (2005) The effects of organic agriculture on biodiversity and abundance: a meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Ecology 42, 261–269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Meyer, M. (1998) Revision of the subgenus Ceratitis (Ceratalaspis) Hancock (Diptera: Tephritidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 88, 257–290.Google Scholar
De Meyer, M. (2000) Systematic revision of the sub-genus Ceratitis MacLeay s.s. (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 128, 439–467. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2000.tb01523.x.Google Scholar
Dray, S. and Dufour, A. B. (2007) The ade4 package: implementing the duality diagram for ecologists. Journal of Statistical Software 22, 1–20.Google Scholar
Drew, R. A. I., Tsuruta, K. and White, I. M. (2005) A new species of pest fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) from Sri Lanka and Africa. African Entomology 13, 149–154.Google Scholar
Ekesi, S., Nderitu, P. W. and Rwomushana, I. (2006) Field infestation, life history and demographic parameters of the fruit fly Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Africa. Bulletin of Entomological Research 96, 379–386. doi:10.1079/BER2006442.Google Scholar
Geurts, K., Mwatawala, M. and De Meyer, M. (2012) Indigenous and invasive fruit fly diversity along an altitudinal transect in eastern central Tanzania. Journal of Insect Science 12, 12. doi:10.1673/031.012.1201.Google Scholar
Goergen, G., Vayssières, J.-F., Gnanvossou, D. and Tindo, M. (2011) Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae), a new invasive fruit fly pest for the Afrotropical region: host plant range and distribution in West and Central Africa. Environmental Entomology 40, 844–854.Google Scholar
Hammer, Ø., Harper, D. A. T. and Ryan, P. D. (2001) PAST: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica, Vol. 4, Issue 1, Art. 4: 9pp., 178kb. Available at:http://palaeo-electronica.org/2001_1/past/issue1_01.htm.Google Scholar
ITC [International Trade Centre] (2011) Export Fact Sheet-ECOWAS: Mangoes. Available at:http://www.itc-learning.org/file.php/47/Materials/111129-Export-Factsheet-Mangoes.pdf.Google Scholar
Jang, E. B. D., McInnis, R., Vargas, S. and Mau, R. F. L. (2003) Area-wide integrated pest management of fruit flies in Hawaiian fruits and vegetables. Proceedings of the Third Research Co-ordination Meeting of the Co-ordinated Research Project on “Quality Assurance of Mass Produced and Released Fruit Flies for SIT Programmes,” 19–23 May 2003, Perth, Australia.Google Scholar
Kiesecker, J. M., Blaustein, A. R. and Miller, C. L. (2001) Potential mechanisms underlying the displacement of native red-legged frogs by introduced bullfrogs. Ecology 82, 1964–1970.Google Scholar
Kindt, R. and Coe, R. (2005) Tree Diversity Analysis: A Manual and Software for Common Statistical Methods for Ecological and Biodiversity Studies. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Nairobi.Google Scholar
Loreau, M. (1992) Species abundance patterns and the structure of ground-beetle communities. Annales Zoologici Fennici 28, 49–56.Google Scholar
Magurran, A. E. (2004) Measuring Biological Diversity. 2nd edn.Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK. 264 pp.Google Scholar
Mayamba, A., Nankinga, C. K, Isabirye, B. and Akol, A. M. (2014) Seasonal population fluctuations of Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) in relation to mango phenology in the Lake Victoria Crescent, Uganda. Fruits 69, 473–480.Google Scholar
Mwatawala, M. W., De Meyer, M., Makundi, R. H. and Maerere, A. P. (2006 a) Biodiversity of fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) in orchards in different agro-ecological zones of the Morogoro region, Tanzania. Fruits 61, 321–332. doi:10.1051/fruits:2006031.Google Scholar
Mwatawala, M. W., De Meyer, M., Makundi, R. H. and Maerere, A. P. (2006 b) Seasonality and host utilization of the invasive fruit fly, Bactrocera invadens (Dipt., Tephritidae) in central Tanzania. Journal of Applied Entomology 130, 530–537. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.2006.01099.x.Google Scholar
Mwatawala, M. W., De Meyer, M., Makundi, R. H. and Maerere, A. P. (2009) An overview of Bactrocera (Diptera: Tephritidae) invasions and their speculated dominancy over native fruit fly species in Tanzania. Journal of Entomology 6, 18–27.Google Scholar
Mwatawala, M. W., White, I. M., Maerere, A. P., Senkondo, F. J. and De Meyer, M. (2004) A new invasive Bactrocera species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Tanzania. African Entomology 12, 154–156.Google Scholar
Nakasinga, J. (2002) Studies on fruit fly species occurrence, distribution and composition on mango in Uganda. MSc Thesis. Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. 91 pp.Google Scholar
Nboyine, J. A., Billah, M. K. and Afreh-Nuamah, K. (2012) Species range of fruit flies associated with mango from three agro-ecological zones in Ghana. Journal of Applied Biosciences 52, 3696–3703.Google Scholar
Nekola, J. C. and White, P. S. (1999) The distance decay of similarity in biogeography and ecology. Journal of Biogeography 26, 867–878. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2699.1999.00305.x.Google Scholar
R Development Core Team, (2008) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Available at:http://www.R-project.org.Google Scholar
Rwomushana, I., Ekesi, S., Ogol, C. K. P. O. and Gordon, I. (2008) Effect of temperature on development and survival of immature stages of Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Applied Entomology 132, 832–839. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.2008.01318.x.Google Scholar
Steiner, C. F. (2014) Stochastic sequential dispersal and nutrient enrichment drive beta diversity in space and time. Ecology 95, 2603–2612. doi:10.1890/13-1321.1.Google Scholar
Thioulouse, J., Chessel, D., Dolédec, S. and Olivier, J.-M. (1997) ADE-4: a multivariate analysis and graphical display software. Statistics and Computing 7, 75–83.Google Scholar
Tscharntke, T., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Kruess, A. and Thies, C. (2002) Contribution of small habitat fragments to conservation of insect communities of grassland-cropland landscapes. Ecological Applications 12, 354–363.Google Scholar
Vayssières, J.-F., Korie, S. and Ayegnon, D. (2009) Correlation of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) infestation of major mango cultivars in Borgou (Benin) with abiotic and biotic factors and assessment of damage. Crop Protection 28, 477–488.Google Scholar
White, I. M. (2006) Taxonomy of the Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Africa and the Middle East. African Entomology Memoir No. 2, 1–156.Google Scholar
White, I. M. and De Meyer, M. (2000) CABI Key for the Genus Ceratitis MacLeay. Natural History Museum, London and Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Brussels, CD-ROM (beta version).Google Scholar
White, I. M., Copeland, R. S. and Hancock, D. L. (2003) Revision of the Afrotropical genus Trirhithrum Bezzi (Diptera: Tephritidae). Cimbebasia 18, 71–137.Google Scholar
Wortmann, C. S. and Eledu, C. A. (1999) Uganda's Agro-ecological Zones: A Guide to Planners and Policy Makers. International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) and National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO), Kampala. 56 pp.Google Scholar