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Sensory processing challenges as a novel link between early caregiving experiences and mental health

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 December 2022

Adriana S. Méndez Leal*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Laura A. Alba
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Education, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
Kaitlin K. Cummings
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane & Terry Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Jiwon Jung
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane & Terry Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Yael H. Waizman
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
João F. Guassi Moreira
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Natalie M. Saragosa-Harris
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Emilia Ninova
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Jill M. Waterman
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Audra K. Langley
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane & Terry Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA UCLA Pritzker Center for Strengthening Children and Families, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Nim Tottenham
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
Jennifer A. Silvers
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Shulamite A. Green
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane & Terry Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
*
Corresponding Author: Adriana S. Méndez Leal, email: asmendezleal@gmail.com.

Abstract

Early caregiving adversity (ECA) is associated with elevated psychological symptomatology. While neurobehavioral ECA research has focused on socioemotional and cognitive development, ECA may also increase risk for “low-level” sensory processing challenges. However, no prior work has compared how diverse ECA exposures differentially relate to sensory processing, or, critically, how this might influence psychological outcomes. We examined sensory processing challenges in 183 8-17-year-old youth with and without histories of institutional (orphanage) or foster caregiving, with a particular focus on sensory over-responsivity (SOR), a pattern of intensified responses to sensory stimuli that may negatively impact mental health. We further tested whether sensory processing challenges are linked to elevated internalizing and externalizing symptoms common in ECA-exposed youth. Relative to nonadopted comparison youth, both groups of ECA-exposed youth had elevated sensory processing challenges, including SOR, and also had heightened internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Additionally, we found significant indirect effects of ECA on internalizing and externalizing symptoms through both general sensory processing challenges and SOR, covarying for age and sex assigned at birth. These findings suggest multiple forms of ECA confer risk for sensory processing challenges that may contribute to mental health outcomes, and motivate continuing examination of these symptoms, with possible long-term implications for screening and treatment following ECA.

Type
Regular Article
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

Adriana S. Méndez Leal and Laura A. Alba shared first author.

Jennifer A. Silvers and Shulamite A. Green shared last author.

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