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Functional connectivity based brain signatures of behavioral regulation in children with ADHD, DCD, and ADHD-DCD

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2021

Christiane S. Rohr Open the ORCID record for Christiane S. Rohr [Opens in a new window] ,
Signe L. Bray  and
Deborah M. Dewey
Christiane S. Rohr*
Affiliation:
Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Owerko Centre, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Mathison Centre for Mental Health, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Department of Radiology, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
Signe L. Bray
Affiliation:
Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Owerko Centre, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Mathison Centre for Mental Health, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Department of Radiology, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Department of Pediatrics, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
Deborah M. Dewey
Affiliation:
Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Owerko Centre, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Department of Pediatrics, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Department of Community Health Sciences, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
*
Corresponding author: Christiane S. Rohr, email: christiane.rohr@ucalgary.ca
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Abstract

Behavioral regulation problems have been associated with daily-life and mental health challenges in children with neurodevelopmental conditions such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Here, we investigated transdiagnostic brain signatures associated with behavioral regulation. Resting-state fMRI data were collected from 115 children (31 typically developing (TD), 35 ADHD, 21 DCD, 28 ADHD-DCD) aged 7–17 years. Behavioral regulation was measured using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function and was found to differ between children with ADHD (i.e., children with ADHD and ADHD-DCD) and without ADHD (i.e., TD children and children with DCD). Functional connectivity (FC) maps were computed for 10 regions of interest and FC maps were tested for correlations with behavioral regulation scores. Across the entire sample, greater behavioral regulation problems were associated with stronger negative FC within prefrontal pathways and visual reward pathways, as well as with weaker positive FC in frontostriatal reward pathways. These findings significantly increase our knowledge on FC in children with and without ADHD and highlight the potential of FC as brain-based signatures of behavioral regulation across children with differing neurodevelopmental conditions.

Keywords

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderdevelopmental coordination disorderemotion controlemotion regulationexecutive function
Type
Regular Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 35 , Issue 1 , February 2023 , pp. 85 - 94
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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