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Informants’ ratings of activity level in infancy predict ADHD symptoms and diagnoses in childhood

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 October 2018

Mirjam Meeuwsen ,
Oliver Perra ,
Stephanie H.M. van Goozen  and
Dale F. Hay
Mirjam Meeuwsen
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
Oliver Perra
Affiliation:
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
Stephanie H.M. van Goozen
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
Dale F. Hay*
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
*
Author for correspondence: Dale F. Hay, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK; E-mail: haydf@cardiff.ac.uk
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Abstract

We tested the hypothesis that high activity levels in infancy would predict self-regulatory problems and later symptoms of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a longitudinal study of British families (N = 321). Infants’ activity levels were assessed at 6 months, using 3 informants’ reports from the Infant Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ) and ActiGraphs during baseline, attention, and restraint tasks. At a mean of 33 months, the children were assessed on self-regulatory tasks; at a mean of 36 months, 3 informants reported symptoms of ADHD. At a mean of 7.0 years, the children were assessed on executive function tasks; 3 informants reported on the child's symptoms of ADHD; and diagnoses of disorder were obtained using the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment. Informants’ reports of high activity levels at 6 months predicted ADHD symptoms in early childhood and diagnoses of ADHD with clinical impairment at age 7. The IBQ activity scale was also associated with the children's later performance on self-regulation tasks in early and middle childhood. Activity level in infancy reflects normal variation and is not a sign of psychopathology; however, these findings suggest that further study of the correlates of high activity level in infancy may help identify those children most at risk for disorder.

Keywords

ADHDLongitudinal studyActivity LevelSelf-regulation
Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 31 , Issue 4 , October 2019 , pp. 1255 - 1269
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

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