Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-9pm4c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T18:47:11.016Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Variation and merger of the rising tones in Hong Kong Cantonese

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 November 2003

Robert S. Bauer
Affiliation:
Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Cheung Kwan-hin
Affiliation:
Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Cheung Pak-man
Affiliation:
Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Abstract

Two male speakers of Hong Kong Cantonese varied the endpoints of High Rising and Mid-Low Rising tones and merged them in both directions under experimental conditions. The variation and merger of the two rising tones raise the possibility that at least four tonal subsystems may coexist within the Hong Kong Cantonese speech community. Sociolinguistic research over the past 20 years has documented variation and change among Cantonese sound segments but not the tones. Tonal variation in Hong Kong Cantonese appears to be a potentially important sociolinguistic variable.This article is a revised version of a paper presented at the 33rd International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics in Trang, Thailand, on October 5, 2000. The research reported here was supported by the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Project No. PolyU 5249/99H Linguistics) and by Hong Kong Polytechnic University Research Grant G-YB57.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© 2003 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Bauer, Robert S. (1979). Alveolarization in Cantonese: a case of lexical diffusion. Journal of Chinese Linguistics 7.1:132141.Google Scholar
Bauer, Robert S. (1982). Cantonese sociolinguistic patterns: Correlating social characteristics of speakers with phonological variables in Hong Kong Cantonese. Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms International.
Bauer, Robert S. (1983). Cantonese sound change across subgroups of the Hong Kong speech community. Journal of Chinese Linguistics 11:303356.Google Scholar
Bauer, Robert S., & Benedict, Paul K. (1997). Modern Cantonese phonology. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.CrossRef
Bauer, Robert S., Cheung, Kwan-hin, & Cheung, Pak-man. (2000, December). An acoustic description of lexical tones in Hong Kong Cantonese. Paper presented at Annual Research Forum, Linguistic Society of Hong Kong, City University of Hong Kong.
Chambers, J. K. (1997). Sociolinguistic theory. Oxford: Blackwell.
Cheung, Kwan-hin. (1986). Phonology of present-day Cantonese. Doctoral dissertation, University College, London.
Cheung, Pak-man. (1998). Merging of consonantal endings in Hong Kong Cantonese: A microhistoric study. Unpublished manuscript.
Hombert, Jean-Marie. (1978). Consonant types, vowel quality, and tone. In Victoria A. Fromkin (ed.), Tone: A linguistic survey. New York: Academic. 77111.
Kei, Joseph, Smyth, Veronica, So, Lydia K. H., Lau, C. C., & Capell, Ken. (2002). Assessing the accuracy of production of Cantonese lexical tones: A comparison between perceptual judgement and an instrumental measure. Asia Pacific Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing 7:2538.Google Scholar
Killingley, Siew-Yue. (1985). A new look at Cantonese tones, five or six? New Castle upon Tyne: Grewatt & Grewatt.
Law, Sam-Po, Fung, Roxana S-Y., & Bauer, Robert S. (2001). Perception and production of Cantonese consonant endings. Asia Pacific Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing 6:179195.Google Scholar
Rose, Philip (1987). Consideration in the normalization of the fundamental frequency of linguistic tone. Speech Communication 6:343351.Google Scholar
Rose, Philip (1996). Between- and within-speaker variation in the fundamental frequency of Cantonese citation tones. In Pamela Davis & Neville H. Fletcher (eds.), Vocal fold physiology: Controlling complexity and chaos. San Diego: Singular Publishing Group. 307324.
So, Lydia K. H. (1996). Tonal changes in Hong Kong Cantonese. Current Issues in Language & Society 3:186189.Google Scholar
So, Lydia K. H., & Varley, R. (1991). Cantonese Lexical Comprehension Test. Hong Kong: Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Hong Kong.
Vance, Timothy. (1977). Tonal distinctions in Cantonese. Phonetica 34:93107.Google Scholar
Yue-Hashimoto, Ann. (1972). Studies in Yue dialects 1: Phonology of Cantonese. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Zhan, Bohui, & Cheung, Yat-Shing. (1987). A survey of dialects in the Pearl River Delta, Vol. 1, Comparative morpheme-syllabary [in Chinese]. Hong Kong: New Century Publishing House.