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Effect of host diversity and species assemblage composition on bovine tuberculosis (bTB) risk in Ethiopian cattle

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 January 2017

DEJENE W. SINTAYEHU ,
IGNAS M. A. HEITKÖNIG ,
HERBERT H. T. PRINS ,
ZEWDU K. TESSEMA  and
WILLEM F. DE BOER
DEJENE W. SINTAYEHU*
Affiliation:
Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 38, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
IGNAS M. A. HEITKÖNIG
Affiliation:
Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
HERBERT H. T. PRINS
Affiliation:
Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
ZEWDU K. TESSEMA
Affiliation:
College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 38, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
WILLEM F. DE BOER
Affiliation:
Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
*
*Corresponding author. Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands. E-mail: sintekal@gmail.com
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Summary

Current theories on diversity–disease relationships describe host species diversity and species identity as important factors influencing disease risk, either diluting or amplifying disease prevalence in a community. Whereas the simple term ‘diversity’ embodies a set of animal community characteristics, it is not clear how different measures of species diversity are correlated with disease risk. We therefore tested the effects of species richness, Pielou's evenness and Shannon's diversity on bovine tuberculosis (bTB) risk in cattle in the Afar Region and Awash National Park between November 2013 and April 2015. We also analysed the identity effect of a particular species and the effect of host habitat use overlap on bTB risk. We used the comparative intradermal tuberculin test to assess the number of bTB-infected cattle. Our results suggested a dilution effect through species evenness. We found that the identity effect of greater kudu – a maintenance host – confounded the dilution effect of species diversity on bTB risk. bTB infection was positively correlated with habitat use overlap between greater kudu and cattle. Different diversity indices have to be considered together for assessing diversity–disease relationships, for understanding the underlying causal mechanisms. We posit that unpacking diversity metrics is also relevant for formulating disease control strategies to manage cattle in ecosystems characterized by seasonally limited resources and intense wildlife–livestock interactions.

Keywords

evennessdiversitygreater kuduidentity effectmaintenance hostsmulti-host disease ecologyhabitat use overlap
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 144 , Issue 6 , May 2017 , pp. 783 - 792
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Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

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