Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-xtgtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T10:07:28.042Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of tone on the three-way laryngeal distinction in Korean: An acoustic and aerodynamic comparison of the Seoul and South Kyungsang dialects

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 August 2012

Hyunjung Lee  and
Allard Jongman
Hyunjung Lee
Affiliation:
University of Kansashyunjung@ku.edu
Allard Jongman
Affiliation:
University of Kansasjongman@ku.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The three-way laryngeal distinction among voiceless Korean stops has been well documented for the Seoul dialect. The present study compares the acoustic and aerodynamic properties of this stop series between two dialects, non-tonal Seoul and tonal South Kyungsang Korean. Sixteen male Korean speakers (eight from Seoul and eight from Kyungsang) participated. Measures collected included VOT, f0 at vowel onset, H1-H2, and air pressure and airflow. The presence versus absence of lexical pitch accent affects both the acoustic and aerodynamic properties. First, Seoul speakers use a combination of f0 and VOT to distinguish the three-way contrast of Korean stops, while Kyungsang speakers mainly use VOT. Second, the presence of lexical pitch for Kyungsang speakers makes f0 an unreliable acoustic cue for the three Korean stops. Third, dialectal differences in VOT to mark the three-way distinction support the notion of a diachronic transition whereby VOT differences between the lenis and aspirated stops in Seoul Korean have been decreasing over the past 50 years. Finally, the aerodynamic results make it possible to postulate the articulatory state of the glottis, indicating a positive correlation with acoustic parameters. Based on the acoustic and aerodynamic results, phonological representations of Korean stops for the tonal and non-tonal dialects are suggested.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the International Phonetic Association , Volume 42 , Issue 2 , August 2012 , pp. 145 - 169
Copyright
Copyright © International Phonetic Association 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahn, Hyunkee. 1999. Post-release phonatory processes in English and Korean: Acoustic correlates and implications for Korean phonology. Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin.Google Scholar
Atkinson, James E. 1978. Correlation analysis of the physiological factors controlling fundamental voice frequency. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 63, 211–222.Google Scholar
Blankenship, Barbara. 2002. The timing of nonmodal phonation in vowels. Journal of Phonetics 30 (2), 193–228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boersma, Paul & Weenink, David. 2007. Praat: Doing phonetics by computer (Version 4.3.22). http://www.Praat.org/.Google Scholar
Cho, Taehong. 1996. Vowel correlates to consonant phonation: An acoustic-perceptual study of Korean obstruents. MA thesis, The University of Texas at Arlington.Google Scholar
Cho, Taehong, Jun, Sun-Ah & Ladefoged, Peter. 2002. Acoustic and aerodynamic correlates of Korean stops and fricatives. Journal of Phonetics 30, 193–228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, Hansook. 2002. Acoustic cues for the Korean stop contrast: Dialectal variation. ZAS Papers in Linguistics 28, 1–12.Google Scholar
Dart, Sarah N. (1987) An aerodynamic study of Korean stop consonants: Measurements and modeling. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 81 (1), 138–147.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Halle, Morris & Stevens, Kenneth N.. 1971. A note on laryngeal features. Quarterly Progress Report (Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT 101), 198–212.Google Scholar
Han, Mieko S. & Weitzman, Ray S.. 1970. Acoustic features of Korean /P, T, K/, /p, t, k/ and /ph, th, kh/. Phonetica 22, 112–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanson, Helen M. 1995. Glottal characteristics of female speakers. Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University.Google Scholar
Hirose, Hajime, Lee, Charles Y. & Ushijima, Tatsujiro. 1974. Laryngeal control in Korean stop production. Journal of Phonetics 2, 145–152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hombert, Jean-Marie & Ladefoged, Peter. 1977. The effect of aspiration on the fundamental frequency of the following vowel. UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics 36, 33–40.Google Scholar
Iseli, Markus & Alwan, Abeer. 2004. An improved correction formula for the estimation of harmonic magnitudes and its application to open quotient estimation. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing 1, 669–672.Google Scholar
Kagaya, Ryohei. 1974. A fiberscopic and acoustic study of the Korean stops, affricates and fricatives. Journal of Phonetics 2, 161–180.Google Scholar
Kang, Kyoung-Ho & Guion, Susan G.. 2008. Clear speech production of Korean stops: Changing phonetic targets and enhancement strategies. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 124 (6), 3909–3917.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keating, Patricia A. 1984. Phonetic and phonological representation of stop consonant voicing. Language 60, 286–319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keating, Patricia A. & Esposito, Christina [M.]. 2007. Linguistic voice quality. UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics 105, 85–91.Google Scholar
Kenstowicz, Michael & Park, Chiyoun. 2006. Laryngeal features and tone in Kyungsang Korean: A phonetic study. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 12 (2), 247–264.Google Scholar
Kim, Chin-Wu. 1965. On the autonomy of the tensity feature in stop classification. Word 21, 339–359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, Chin-Wu. 1970. The theory of aspiration. Phonetica 21, 107–116.Google Scholar
Kim, Hyunsoon, Honda, Kiyoshi & Maeda, Shinji. 2005. Stroboscopic-cine MRI study of the phrasing between the tongue and the larynx in the Korean three-way phonation contrast. Journal of Phonetics 33, 1–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, Mi-Ryoung, Beddor, Patrice S. & Horrocks, Julie. 2002. The contribution of consonantal and vocalic information to the perception of Korean initial stops. Journal of Phonetics 30, 77–100.Google Scholar
Kim, Mi-Ryoung & Duanmu, San. 2004. ‘Tense’ and ‘lax’ stops in Korean. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 13, 59–104.Google Scholar
Lai, Yuwen. 2004. The effect of aspiration on the fundamental frequency of the following tone in Taiwanese. MA thesis, University of Kansas.Google Scholar
Lee, Charles Y. & Smith, Timothy S.. 1972. Oral and direct subglottal pressure in Korean stops. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 51 (1A), 102–102.Google Scholar
Lieberman, Philip & Blumstein, Sheila E.. 1988. Speech physiology, speech perception, and acoustic phonetics. Cambridge: Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar
Lisker, Leigh & Abramson, Arthur. 1964. Cross-language study of voicing in initial stops: Acoustical measurements. Word 20, 384–422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lombardi, Linda. 1991. Laryngeal features and laryngeal neutralization. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Massachusetts Amherst.Google Scholar
Lombardi, Linda. 1995. Laryngeal features and privativity. The Linguistic Review 12, 35–59.Google Scholar
Park, Hansang. 2002. Temporal and spectral characteristics of Korean phonation types. Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin.Google Scholar
Ramsey, Samuel R. 1975. Accent and morphology in Korean dialects: A descriptive and historical study. Ph.D. dissertation, Yale University.Google Scholar
Repp, Bruno H. 1983. Trading relations among acoustic cues in speech perception are largely a result of phonetic categorization. Speech Communication 2 (4), 341–361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shipp, Thomas & McGlone, Robert E.. 1971. Laryngeal dynamics associated with voice frequency change. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 14, 761–767.Google Scholar
Silva, David J. 2006. Acoustic evidence for the emergence of tonal contrast in contemporary Korean. Phonology 23, 287–308.Google Scholar
Wayland, Ratree & Jongman, Allard. 2003. Acoustic correlates of breathy and clear vowels: The case of Khmer. Journal of Phonetics 31, 181–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar