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Methodical approaches in the identification of areas with a potential risk of infection by bird schistosomes causing cercarial dermatitis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 January 2010

L. Kolářová ,
P. Horák  and
K. Skírnisson
L. Kolářová*
Affiliation:
Institute of Immunology and Microbiology of the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General Teaching Hospital, Studničkova 7, 128 00Prague 2, Czech Republic
P. Horák
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
K. Skírnisson
Affiliation:
Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Keldur, Reykjavík, Iceland
*
*Fax: (+420) 224 968 496 E-mail: libuse.kolarova@lf1.cuni.cz
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Abstract

Larval stages (cercariae) of schistosomatid flukes represent the causative agents of swimmer's itch (cercarial dermatitis), a waterborne allergic disease. Cercariae of bird schistosomes are the most frequently reported agent. Recent studies on parasite behaviour in mammals showed that infections by cercariae can be linked to more than skin syndromes. Despite the failure of complete development in mammals, bird schistosomes can escape from the skin and migrate transitorily in the hosts. These findings brought novel insights into the fate and potential pathogenic effect of the parasites in non-compatible hosts, including humans. Cercarial dermatitis occurs globally and recently is considered to be re-emerging; however, there are no data on the number of afflicted persons per year. This might be explained by a relatively low interest in human skin infections arising after bathing in fresh water. In addition, the real occurrence of bird schistosomes in the field is known only for a few areas. The paucity of epidemiological/biogeographical data is probably caused by difficulties associated with detection of the parasites in intermediate and definitive hosts. Therefore, based on personal experience and data available in the literature, we have summarized methodological approaches enabling the detection of bird schistosomes in various hosts and environments.

Type
Research Papers
Information
Journal of Helminthology , Volume 84 , Issue 3 , September 2010 , pp. 327 - 335
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

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