Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-t5pn6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T10:50:53.465Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Benefits of Empire? Capital Market Integration North and South of the Alps, 1350–1800

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 September 2018

David Chilosi
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Nettelbosje 2, 9747 AE Groningen, The Netherlands. E-mail: d.chilosi@rug.nl
Max-Stephan Schulze
Affiliation:
Professor of Economic History, Department of Economic History, London School of Economics & Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom. E-mail: m.s.schulze@lse.ac.uk
Oliver Volckart
Affiliation:
Professor of Economic History, Department of Economic History, London School of Economics & Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom. E-mail: o.j.volckart@lse.ac.uk

Abstract

This article addresses two questions. First, when and to what extent did capital markets integrate north and south of the Alps? Second, how mobile was capital? Analysing a unique new dataset on pre-modern urban annuities, we find that northern markets were consistently better integrated than Italian markets. Long-term integration was driven by initially peripheral places in the Netherlands and Upper Germany integrating with the rest of the Holy Roman Empire where the distance and volume of inter-urban investments grew primarily in the sixteenth century. The institutions of the Empire contributed to stronger market integration north of the Alps.

Type
Article
Copyright
© 2018 The Economic History Association. All rights reserved. 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

We gratefully acknowledge financial support by the Leverhulme Trust (grant RPG-133). Particular thanks are due to Alexandra Sapoznik and Angela Ling Huang for collecting and preparing the archival data. We also thank three anonymous referees, the editor of this Journal and the participants at the EHES Conference in Pisa, the Symposium in Business and Economic History in Lisbon, the Berlin Colloquium in Economic History at Humboldt University, and the Economic History Seminar at the University of Vienna for helpful comments, suggestions, and criticism.

References

References

ASF (Archivio di Stato di Firenze), Monte Comune o delle Graticole, parte I, pezzo 3.Google Scholar
Staatsarchiv Nürnberg, Bestand: Losungsamt Vol. 69.Google Scholar
Stadtarchiv Braunschweig, B I 11 Leibgedingebücher, vol. 4.Google Scholar
Regionaal Archief Dordrecht (formerly “Gemeente Archiev Dordrecht”), GAD 1, no. 434.Google Scholar
Stadtarchiv Erfurt, 1–1/21 10 Libri ordinationum, vol. 1; Obligationen; 2 Hauptrechnungen.Google Scholar
Stadtarchiv Hannover, NAB 7228; NAB 8242, Stadtobligationsbuch 1387–1533; NAB 7228, Urkunden Abteilung 3 - Schuldurkunden des Rates.Google Scholar
Stadtarchiv Lüneburg, AB 55 Kopie von Rentenbriefen (1441–1492). Landeshauptarchiv Magdeburg, Copiar der Obligationen der Stadt Halle, Cop. 395a; Cop.Google Scholar
Stadtarchiv Münster, Ratsarchiv A IX, Findbuch zu den Rentenverschreibungen aus Abt. A IX des ‚Alten Archivs‘, no. 43.396.Google Scholar
Archives de la ville Strasbourg, Série IV, No. 71.Google Scholar
Allen, Robert C. “The Great Divergence in European Prices and Wages from the Middle Ages to the First World War.” Explorations in Economic History 38, no. 4 (2001): 411447.Google Scholar
Albers, Hermann. “Die Anleihen der Stadt Bremen vom 14. bis zum 18. Jahrhundert.” Veröffentlichungen aus dem Staatsarchiv der freien Hansestadt Bremen 3 (1930): 1163.Google Scholar
Alter, George, and Riley, James C.. “How to Bet on Lives: A Guide to Life Contingent Contracts in Early Modern Europe.” Research in Economic History 10 (1986): 153.Google Scholar
Álvarez Nogal, Carlos. Oferta y demanda de deuda pública en Castilla: Juros de Alcabalas (1540–1740). Madrid: El Banco de España, 2009.Google Scholar
Angermeier, Heinz. Die Reichsreform 1410–1555: Die Staatsproblematik in Deutschland zwischen Mittelalter und Gegenwart. Munich: Beck, 1984.Google Scholar
Bateman, Victoria N. “The Evolution of Markets in Early Modern Europe, 1350–1800: A Study of Wheat Prices.” Economic History Review 64, no. 2 (2011): 447471.Google Scholar
Bateman, Victoria N. Markets and Growth in Early Modern Europe. London: Pickering & Chatto, 2012.Google Scholar
Baum, Hans-Peter. “Annuities in Late Medieval Hanse Towns.” Business History Review 59, no. 1 (1985): 2448.Google Scholar
Behringer, Wolfgang. “Core and Periphery: The Holy Roman Empire as a Communication(s) Universe.” In The Holy Roman Empire 1495–1806, edited by R. J. W. Evans, Michael Schaich, and Peter H. Wilson, 347358. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.Google Scholar
Boerner, Lars, and Ritschl, Albrecht. “Individual Enforcement and Collective Liability in Pre-modern Europe: A Comment.” Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 158, no. 1 (2002): 205213.Google Scholar
Braudel, Fernand. Civilization and Capitalism, 15th–18th Centuries, Vol. III: The Perspective of the World. Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 1982.Google Scholar
Brown, Edward. An Account of Several Travels Through a Great Part of Germany: In Four Journeys. I. From Norwich to Colen. II. From Colen to Vienna, with a Particular Description of that Imperial City. III. From Vienna to Hamburg. IV. From Colen to London. Wherein the Mines, Baths, and Other Curiosities of those Parts are Treated of. Illustrated with Sculptures. London: Benj. Tooke, 1677.Google Scholar
Brown, Jeffrey A., Mitchell, Olivia S., Poterba, James. M., et al. The Role of Annuity Markets in Financing Retirement. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Calabria, Antonio. The Cost of Empire: The Finances of the Kingdom of Naples in the Time of Spanish Rule. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Chilosi, David. “Risky Institutions: Political Regimes and the Cost of Public Borrowing in Early Modern Italy.” Journal of Economic History 74, no. 3 (2014): 887915.Google Scholar
Day, John. “Money and Credit in Medieval and Renaissance Italy.” The Medieval Market Economy, edited by John Day, 141161. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1987.Google Scholar
Denzel, Markus A. Das System des bargeldlosen Zahlungsverkehrs europäischer Prägung vom Mittelalter bis 1914. Stuttgart: Steiner, 2008.Google Scholar
De Luca, Giuseppe. “Debito pubblico, mercato finanziario ed economia reale nel Ducato di Milano e nella Repubblica di Venezia tra XVI e XVII secolo.” In Debito Pubblico e Mercati Finanziari in Italia. Secoli XIII-XX, edited by Giuseppe De Luca and Angelo Moioli, 118146. Rome: Franco Angeli, 2007.Google Scholar
De Vries, Jan. The Economy of Europe in an Age of Crisis, 1600–1750. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.Google Scholar
Distler, Eva-Maria. Städtebünde im deutschen Spätmittelalter: Eine rechtshistorische Untersuchung zu Begriff, Verfassung und Funktion. Frankfurt: Vittorio Klostermann, 2006.Google Scholar
Dollinger, Philippe. Die Hanse. 3 ed. Stuttgart: Kröner, 1981.Google Scholar
Epstein, Stephan R. Freedom and Growth: The Rise of States and Markets in Europe, 1300–1750. London and New York: Routledge, 2000.Google Scholar
Federico, Giovanni. “How Much Do We Know about Market Integration in Europe?” Economic History Review 65, no. 2 (2012): 470497.Google Scholar
Federico, Giovanni, Schulze, Max-Stephan, and Volckart, Oliver. “European Goods Market Integration in the Very Long-Run: From the Black Death to the First World War.” London School of Economics, Working Papers in Economic History no. 277 (2018).Google Scholar
Feenstra, Alberto. “Keeping the Ship of State Afloat: Zeeland’s Sovereign Debt Management, 1600–1800.” Paper presented at the Leiden International Conference in Political History, 2014.Google Scholar
Felloni, Giuseppe. Gli Investimenti Finanziari Genovesi in Europa tra il Seicento e la Restaurazione. Milan: Giuffrè Editore, 1971.Google Scholar
Felloni, Giuseppe. “Dall’Italia all’Europa: il primato della finanza italiana dal medioevo alla prima età moderna.” In Storia d’Italia, Annali 23, La Banca, edited by Alberto Cova, Salvatore La Francesca, Angelo Moioli et al., 91149. Torino: Einaudi, 2008.Google Scholar
Flandreau, Marc, and , Juan H. Flores. “Bonds and Brands: Foundations of Sovereign Debt Markets.” Journal of Economic History 69, no. 3 (2009): 646684.Google Scholar
Flandreau, Marc, Galimard, Christopher, Jobst, Clemens, et al. “Monetary Geography before the Industrial Revolution.” Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society 2, no. 2 (2009): 149171.Google Scholar
Fratianni, Michele. “Government Debt, Reputation and Creditors’ Protection: The Tale of S. Giorgio.” Review of Finance 10, no. 4 (2006): 487506.Google Scholar
Fryde, Edmund Boleslaw, and Fryde, Matthew M.. “Public Credit, with Special Reference to North-Western Europe.” The Cambridge Economic History of Europe, III: Economic Organization in the Middle Ages, edited by M. Postan, E. E. Rich, and Edward Miller, 430553. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1963.Google Scholar
Fuhrmann, Bernd. “‘Öffentliches’ Kreditwesen in deutschen Städten des 15. und 16. Jahrhunderts.” Scripta Mercaturae 37 (2003): 117.Google Scholar
Fuhrmann, Bernd. “Taxation and Debt in Early Modern German Cities.” In Taxation and Debt in the Early Modern City, edited by José Ignacio Andrés Ucendo and Michael Limberger, 181196. London: Pickering & Chatto, 2014.Google Scholar
Gabrielsson, Peter. Struktur und Funktion der Hamburger Rentengeschäfte in der Zeit von 1471 bis 1490: Ein Beitrag zur Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte der nordwestdeutschen Stadt. Hamburg: Christians, 1971.Google Scholar
Gelderblom, Oscar, and Jonker, Joost. “Completing a Financial Revolution: The Finance of the Dutch East India Trade and the Rise of Amsterdam Capital Market.” Journal of Economic History 64, no. 3 (2004): 641672.Google Scholar
Gelderblom, Oscar, and Jonker, Joost. “Public Finance and Economic Growth: The Case of Holland in the Seventeenth Century.” Journal of Economic History 71, no. 1 (2011): 139.Google Scholar
Gilomen, Hans-Jörg. “Die städtische Schuld Berns und der Basler Rentenmarkt im 15. Jahrhundert.” Basler Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Altertumskunde 82 (1982): 564.Google Scholar
Gilomen, Hans-Jörg. Der Rentenkauf im Mittelalter. Habilitationsschrift, Universität Basel, 1984. Available at https://www.hist.uzh.ch/dam/jcr:ffffffff-e319-f1e9-ffff-ffff92c8b4ad/Rentenkauf.pdf (accessed 21/05/2018).Google Scholar
Homer, Sidney, and Sylla, Robert E.. A History of Interest Rates. 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2005.Google Scholar
Israel, Jonathan I. Dutch Primacy in World Trade, 1585–1740. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Keller, Wolfgang, Shiue, Carol H., and Wang, Xin. “Capital Markets in China and Britain, 18th and 19th Century: Evidence from Grain Prices.” Revised version of NBER Working Paper No. 21349, Cambridge, MA, March 2016.Google Scholar
Kern, Bernd-Rüdiger, “Die landesherrliche Kontrolle über die Gemeindeverschuldung in frühneuzeitlichen Rechtsquellen.” In Staatsfinanzen - Staatsverschuldung - taatsbankrotte in der europäischen Staaten- und Rechtsgeschichte, edited by G. Lingelbach, 191202. Cologne, Weimar, and Vienna: Böhlau, 2000.Google Scholar
Kleinehagenbrock, Frank. “Der Umgang mit Finanzkrisen im Heiligen Römischen Reich – Modell für moderne föderale staatliche Ordnungen?” In Staatsbankrott als Rechtsfrage, edited by K. von Lewinski, 5976. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2011.Google Scholar
Klinger, Jens (ed.). Das Dresdener Stadtbuch 1477–1495. Edition und Forschung (Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophie, Kunst- und Gesellschaftswissenschaften der Universität Regensburg). Regensburg, 2011.Google Scholar
Kroeschell, Karl. “Stadtrecht, -sfamilien.” Lexikon des Mittelalters, vol. VIII: Stadt (Byzantinisches Reich) bis Werl, cols. 24 ff. Munich: dtv, 2003.Google Scholar
Malanima, Paolo. L’Economia Italiana: Dalla Crescita Medievale alla Crescita Contemporanea. Bologna: Il Mulino, 2002.Google Scholar
Malanima, Paolo. “The Long Decline of a Leading Economy: GDP in Central and Northern Italy, 1300–1913.” European Review of Economic History 15, no. 2 (2011): 169219.Google Scholar
Masini, Roberta. “Gli investitori nei titoli di debito pubblico pontificio: categorie sociali, distribuzione delle quote, motivazioni di una scelta (XVII secolo).” In Debito Pubblico e Mercati Finanziari in Italia. Secoli XIII-XX, edited by Giuseppe De Luca and Angelo Moioli, 197214. Rome: Franco Angeli, 2007.Google Scholar
Michie, Ranald C. “The Invisible Stabiliser: Asset Arbitrage and the International Monetary System Since 1700.” Financial History Review 5, no. 1 (1998): 526.Google Scholar
Milhaud, Cyril. Fragmentation of Long-Term Credit Markets in Early Modern Spain? Composite Monarchies and Their Jurisdictions <hal-01365882>. 2016. Available at https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01365882..+2016.+Available+at+https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01365882.>Google Scholar
Mokyr, Joel. A Culture of Growth: The Origins of the Modern Economy. Princeton, Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2017.Google Scholar
Molho, Anthony. “The State and Public Finance: A Hypothesis Based on the History of Late Medieval Florence.” Journal of Modern History 67, Supplement (1995): 97135.Google Scholar
Moraw, Peter. Von offener Verfassung zu gestalteter Verdichtung: Das Reich im Späten Mittelalter 1250 bis 1490. Frankfurt, Berlin: Propyläen, 1989.Google Scholar
Munro, John H. “The Medieval Origin of the Financial Revolution: Usury, Rentes, and Negotiability.” International History Review 25, no. 3 (2003): 505562.Google Scholar
Munro, John H. “The Usury Doctrine and Urban Public Finances in Late-Medieval Flanders (1220–1550): Rentes, Excise Taxes, and Income Transfers from the Poor to the Rich.” Paper presented to the Washington Area Economic History Seminar at the University of Maryland Baltimore County, 2007.Google Scholar
Neal, Larry. “Integration of International Capital Markets: Quantitative Evidence from the Eighteenth to the Twentieth Centuries.” Journal of Economic History 45, no. 2 (1985): 219226.Google Scholar
Neal, Larry. “The Integration and Efficiency of the London and Amsterdam Stock Markets in the Eighteenth Century.” Journal of Economic History 47, no. 1 (1987): 97115.Google Scholar
Neal, Larry. The Rise of Financial Capitalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Neal, Larry. A Concise History of International Finance: From Babylon to Bernanke. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.Google Scholar
Obstfeld, Maurice, and Taylor, Alan M.. Global Capital Markets: Integration, Crisis, and Growth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Ogilvie, Sheilagh C. “Germany and the Seventeenth-Century Crisis.” Historical Journal 35, no. 2 (1992): 417441.Google Scholar
Pezzolo, Luciano. “Elogio della rendita: Sul debito pubblico degli stati italiani nel cinque e seicento.” Rivista di Storia Economica 12, no. 3 (1995): 283330.Google Scholar
Pezzolo, Luciano. “Bonds and Government Debt in Italian City-States, 1250–1650.” In The Origins of Value: The Financial Innovations that Created Modern Capital Markets, edited by William N. Goetzmann and K. Geert Rouwenhorst, 145164. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Pezzolo, Luciano, and Tattara, Giuseppe. “‘Una fiera senza luogo’: Was Bisenzone an International Capital Market in Sixteenth-Century Italy?” Journal of Economic History 68, no. 4 (2008): 10981122.Google Scholar
Poitras, Geoffrey. “Life Annuity Valuation: From de Witt and Halley to de Moivre and Simpson.” In Pioneers of Financial Economics: Contributions Prior to Irving Fisher, edited by Geoffrey Poitras, 7999. Cheltenham and Northampton, MA: Elgar, 2006.Google Scholar
Press, Volker. “Die Niederlande und das Reich in der Frühen Neuzeit.” In Etat et Religion aux XVe et XVIe Siècles: Actes du Colloque à Bruxelles du 9 au 12 Octobre 1984, edited by Wim P. Blockmans and Herman van Nüffel, 321338. Bruxelles: Archives générales du Royaume de Belgique, 1986.Google Scholar
Press, Volker. Kriege und Krisen: Deutschland 1600–1715. Munich: Beck, 1991.Google Scholar
Pugliese, Salvatore. “Condizioni economiche e finanziarie della Lombardia nella prima metà del secolo XVIII.” In Miscellanea di Storia Italiana, Terza Serie, Tomo XXI, 1495. Turin: Fratelli Bocca Librai di S. M., 1924. Available at http://digital.library.yale.edu/cdm/ref/collection/rebooks/id/55927.Google Scholar
Quarthal, Franz. “Verfassung und Verwaltung in südwestdeutschen Städten der Frühen Neuzeit.” In Recht, Verfassung und Verwaltung in der frühneuzeitlichen Stadt, edited by Michael Stolleis, 217239. Cologne: Böhlau, 1991.Google Scholar
Roeck, Bernd. Als die wollt die Welt schier brechen: Eine Stadt im Zeitalter des Dreißigjährigen Krieges. Munich: Beck, 1991.Google Scholar
Rosen, Josef. “Zins und Zinsaufwand in Basel 1360–1535.” In Wirtschaftskräfte und Wirtschaftswege: Festschrift für Hermann Kellenbenz, vol. 1: Mittelmeer und Kontinent, edited by Jürgen Schneider, 179202. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1978.Google Scholar
Schiavo, Stefano, Reyes, Javier, and Fagiolo, Giorgio. “International Trade and Financial Integration: A Weighted Network Analysis.” Quantitative Finance 10, no. 4 (2010): 389399.Google Scholar
Schmidt, Georg. “The State and the Nation of the Germans.” In The Holy Roman Empire: 1495–1806, edited by R.J.W. Evans, M. Schaich, and Peter H. Wilson, 4362. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.Google Scholar
Schubert, Eric S. “Innovations, Debts, and Bubbles: International Integration of Financial Markets in Western Europe, 1688–1720.” Journal of Economic History 48, no. 2 (1988): 299306.Google Scholar
Schultze, Alfred. “Über Gästerecht und Gastgerichte in den deutschen Städten des Mittelalters.” Historische Zeitschrift 101 (1908): 473528.Google Scholar
Schweinberger, Michael, and Snijders, Tom A.B.. “Settings in Social Networks: A Measurement Model.” Sociological Methodology 33, no. 1 (2003): 307341.Google Scholar
Sieveking, Heinrich. “Studio sulle finanze genovesi nel Medioevo e in particolare sulla Casa di S. Giorgio.” Translated by Onoro Soardi. Atti della Società Ligure di Storia Patria 35, no. 1. 1905.Google Scholar
Sprandel, Rolf. “Der städtische Rentenmarkt in Nordwestdeutschland im Spätmittelalter.” In Öffentliche Finanzen im späten Mittelalter und in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts, edited by Hermann Kellenbenz, 1423. Stuttgart: Fischer, 1971.Google Scholar
Spruyt, Hendrik. The Sovereign State and Its Competitors. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Stasavage, David. States of Credit: Size, Power, and the Development of European Polities. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2011.Google Scholar
Stumpo, Enrico “Città, stato e mercato finanziario: il diverso ruolo del debito pubblico in Piemonte e in Toscana.” In Debito Pubblico e Mercati Finanziari in Italia. Secoli XIII-Ü, edited by Giuseppe De Luca and Angelo Moioli, 147165. Rome: Franco Angeli, 2007.Google Scholar
Sylla, Richard. “Financial Systems and Economic Modernization.” Journal of Economic History 62, no. 2 (2002): 277292.Google Scholar
Tracy, James D. “On the Dual Origins of Long-Term Urban Debt in Medieval Europe.” In Urban Public Debts: Urban Government and the Market for Annuities in Western Europe (14th–18th Centuries), edited by Marc Boone, Karel Davids, and Paul Janssens, 1324. Tournhout: Brepols, 2003.Google Scholar
Van der Heijden, Manon. “State Formation and Urban Finances in Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Holland.” Journal of Urban History 33, no. 3 (2006): 429450.Google Scholar
Volckart, Oliver. “Politische Zersplitterung und Wirtschaftswachstum im Alten Reich, ca. 1650–1800.” Vierteljahrschrift für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte 86, no. 1 (1999): 138.Google Scholar
Volckart, Oliver. Wettbewerb und Wettbewerbsbeschränkung im vormodernen Deutschland 1000–1800. Tübingen: Mohr-Siebeck, 2002.Google Scholar
Westphal, Siegrid. Kaiserliche Rechtsprechung und herrschaftliche Stabilisierung: Reichsgerichtsbarkeit in den thüringischen Territorialstaaten 1648–1806. Cologne and Weimar: Böhlau, 2002.Google Scholar
Wüst, Wolfgang. Die “gute” Policey im Fränkischen Reichskreis. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 2003.Google Scholar
Zuijderduijn, C. Jaco. Medieval Capital Markets: Markets for Renten, State Formation and Private Investment in Holland (1300–1550). Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2009.Google Scholar
ASF (Archivio di Stato di Firenze), Monte Comune o delle Graticole, parte I, pezzo 3.Google Scholar
Staatsarchiv Nürnberg, Bestand: Losungsamt Vol. 69.Google Scholar
Stadtarchiv Braunschweig, B I 11 Leibgedingebücher, vol. 4.Google Scholar
Regionaal Archief Dordrecht (formerly “Gemeente Archiev Dordrecht”), GAD 1, no. 434.Google Scholar
Stadtarchiv Erfurt, 1–1/21 10 Libri ordinationum, vol. 1; Obligationen; 2 Hauptrechnungen.Google Scholar
Stadtarchiv Hannover, NAB 7228; NAB 8242, Stadtobligationsbuch 1387–1533; NAB 7228, Urkunden Abteilung 3 - Schuldurkunden des Rates.Google Scholar
Stadtarchiv Lüneburg, AB 55 Kopie von Rentenbriefen (1441–1492). Landeshauptarchiv Magdeburg, Copiar der Obligationen der Stadt Halle, Cop. 395a; Cop.Google Scholar
Stadtarchiv Münster, Ratsarchiv A IX, Findbuch zu den Rentenverschreibungen aus Abt. A IX des ‚Alten Archivs‘, no. 43.396.Google Scholar
Archives de la ville Strasbourg, Série IV, No. 71.Google Scholar
Allen, Robert C. “The Great Divergence in European Prices and Wages from the Middle Ages to the First World War.” Explorations in Economic History 38, no. 4 (2001): 411447.Google Scholar
Albers, Hermann. “Die Anleihen der Stadt Bremen vom 14. bis zum 18. Jahrhundert.” Veröffentlichungen aus dem Staatsarchiv der freien Hansestadt Bremen 3 (1930): 1163.Google Scholar
Alter, George, and Riley, James C.. “How to Bet on Lives: A Guide to Life Contingent Contracts in Early Modern Europe.” Research in Economic History 10 (1986): 153.Google Scholar
Álvarez Nogal, Carlos. Oferta y demanda de deuda pública en Castilla: Juros de Alcabalas (1540–1740). Madrid: El Banco de España, 2009.Google Scholar
Angermeier, Heinz. Die Reichsreform 1410–1555: Die Staatsproblematik in Deutschland zwischen Mittelalter und Gegenwart. Munich: Beck, 1984.Google Scholar
Bateman, Victoria N. “The Evolution of Markets in Early Modern Europe, 1350–1800: A Study of Wheat Prices.” Economic History Review 64, no. 2 (2011): 447471.Google Scholar
Bateman, Victoria N. Markets and Growth in Early Modern Europe. London: Pickering & Chatto, 2012.Google Scholar
Baum, Hans-Peter. “Annuities in Late Medieval Hanse Towns.” Business History Review 59, no. 1 (1985): 2448.Google Scholar
Behringer, Wolfgang. “Core and Periphery: The Holy Roman Empire as a Communication(s) Universe.” In The Holy Roman Empire 1495–1806, edited by R. J. W. Evans, Michael Schaich, and Peter H. Wilson, 347358. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.Google Scholar
Boerner, Lars, and Ritschl, Albrecht. “Individual Enforcement and Collective Liability in Pre-modern Europe: A Comment.” Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 158, no. 1 (2002): 205213.Google Scholar
Braudel, Fernand. Civilization and Capitalism, 15th–18th Centuries, Vol. III: The Perspective of the World. Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 1982.Google Scholar
Brown, Edward. An Account of Several Travels Through a Great Part of Germany: In Four Journeys. I. From Norwich to Colen. II. From Colen to Vienna, with a Particular Description of that Imperial City. III. From Vienna to Hamburg. IV. From Colen to London. Wherein the Mines, Baths, and Other Curiosities of those Parts are Treated of. Illustrated with Sculptures. London: Benj. Tooke, 1677.Google Scholar
Brown, Jeffrey A., Mitchell, Olivia S., Poterba, James. M., et al. The Role of Annuity Markets in Financing Retirement. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Calabria, Antonio. The Cost of Empire: The Finances of the Kingdom of Naples in the Time of Spanish Rule. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Chilosi, David. “Risky Institutions: Political Regimes and the Cost of Public Borrowing in Early Modern Italy.” Journal of Economic History 74, no. 3 (2014): 887915.Google Scholar
Day, John. “Money and Credit in Medieval and Renaissance Italy.” The Medieval Market Economy, edited by John Day, 141161. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1987.Google Scholar
Denzel, Markus A. Das System des bargeldlosen Zahlungsverkehrs europäischer Prägung vom Mittelalter bis 1914. Stuttgart: Steiner, 2008.Google Scholar
De Luca, Giuseppe. “Debito pubblico, mercato finanziario ed economia reale nel Ducato di Milano e nella Repubblica di Venezia tra XVI e XVII secolo.” In Debito Pubblico e Mercati Finanziari in Italia. Secoli XIII-XX, edited by Giuseppe De Luca and Angelo Moioli, 118146. Rome: Franco Angeli, 2007.Google Scholar
De Vries, Jan. The Economy of Europe in an Age of Crisis, 1600–1750. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.Google Scholar
Distler, Eva-Maria. Städtebünde im deutschen Spätmittelalter: Eine rechtshistorische Untersuchung zu Begriff, Verfassung und Funktion. Frankfurt: Vittorio Klostermann, 2006.Google Scholar
Dollinger, Philippe. Die Hanse. 3 ed. Stuttgart: Kröner, 1981.Google Scholar
Epstein, Stephan R. Freedom and Growth: The Rise of States and Markets in Europe, 1300–1750. London and New York: Routledge, 2000.Google Scholar
Federico, Giovanni. “How Much Do We Know about Market Integration in Europe?” Economic History Review 65, no. 2 (2012): 470497.Google Scholar
Federico, Giovanni, Schulze, Max-Stephan, and Volckart, Oliver. “European Goods Market Integration in the Very Long-Run: From the Black Death to the First World War.” London School of Economics, Working Papers in Economic History no. 277 (2018).Google Scholar
Feenstra, Alberto. “Keeping the Ship of State Afloat: Zeeland’s Sovereign Debt Management, 1600–1800.” Paper presented at the Leiden International Conference in Political History, 2014.Google Scholar
Felloni, Giuseppe. Gli Investimenti Finanziari Genovesi in Europa tra il Seicento e la Restaurazione. Milan: Giuffrè Editore, 1971.Google Scholar
Felloni, Giuseppe. “Dall’Italia all’Europa: il primato della finanza italiana dal medioevo alla prima età moderna.” In Storia d’Italia, Annali 23, La Banca, edited by Alberto Cova, Salvatore La Francesca, Angelo Moioli et al., 91149. Torino: Einaudi, 2008.Google Scholar
Flandreau, Marc, and , Juan H. Flores. “Bonds and Brands: Foundations of Sovereign Debt Markets.” Journal of Economic History 69, no. 3 (2009): 646684.Google Scholar
Flandreau, Marc, Galimard, Christopher, Jobst, Clemens, et al. “Monetary Geography before the Industrial Revolution.” Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society 2, no. 2 (2009): 149171.Google Scholar
Fratianni, Michele. “Government Debt, Reputation and Creditors’ Protection: The Tale of S. Giorgio.” Review of Finance 10, no. 4 (2006): 487506.Google Scholar
Fryde, Edmund Boleslaw, and Fryde, Matthew M.. “Public Credit, with Special Reference to North-Western Europe.” The Cambridge Economic History of Europe, III: Economic Organization in the Middle Ages, edited by M. Postan, E. E. Rich, and Edward Miller, 430553. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1963.Google Scholar
Fuhrmann, Bernd. “‘Öffentliches’ Kreditwesen in deutschen Städten des 15. und 16. Jahrhunderts.” Scripta Mercaturae 37 (2003): 117.Google Scholar
Fuhrmann, Bernd. “Taxation and Debt in Early Modern German Cities.” In Taxation and Debt in the Early Modern City, edited by José Ignacio Andrés Ucendo and Michael Limberger, 181196. London: Pickering & Chatto, 2014.Google Scholar
Gabrielsson, Peter. Struktur und Funktion der Hamburger Rentengeschäfte in der Zeit von 1471 bis 1490: Ein Beitrag zur Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte der nordwestdeutschen Stadt. Hamburg: Christians, 1971.Google Scholar
Gelderblom, Oscar, and Jonker, Joost. “Completing a Financial Revolution: The Finance of the Dutch East India Trade and the Rise of Amsterdam Capital Market.” Journal of Economic History 64, no. 3 (2004): 641672.Google Scholar
Gelderblom, Oscar, and Jonker, Joost. “Public Finance and Economic Growth: The Case of Holland in the Seventeenth Century.” Journal of Economic History 71, no. 1 (2011): 139.Google Scholar
Gilomen, Hans-Jörg. “Die städtische Schuld Berns und der Basler Rentenmarkt im 15. Jahrhundert.” Basler Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Altertumskunde 82 (1982): 564.Google Scholar
Gilomen, Hans-Jörg. Der Rentenkauf im Mittelalter. Habilitationsschrift, Universität Basel, 1984. Available at https://www.hist.uzh.ch/dam/jcr:ffffffff-e319-f1e9-ffff-ffff92c8b4ad/Rentenkauf.pdf (accessed 21/05/2018).Google Scholar
Homer, Sidney, and Sylla, Robert E.. A History of Interest Rates. 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2005.Google Scholar
Israel, Jonathan I. Dutch Primacy in World Trade, 1585–1740. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Keller, Wolfgang, Shiue, Carol H., and Wang, Xin. “Capital Markets in China and Britain, 18th and 19th Century: Evidence from Grain Prices.” Revised version of NBER Working Paper No. 21349, Cambridge, MA, March 2016.Google Scholar
Kern, Bernd-Rüdiger, “Die landesherrliche Kontrolle über die Gemeindeverschuldung in frühneuzeitlichen Rechtsquellen.” In Staatsfinanzen - Staatsverschuldung - taatsbankrotte in der europäischen Staaten- und Rechtsgeschichte, edited by G. Lingelbach, 191202. Cologne, Weimar, and Vienna: Böhlau, 2000.Google Scholar
Kleinehagenbrock, Frank. “Der Umgang mit Finanzkrisen im Heiligen Römischen Reich – Modell für moderne föderale staatliche Ordnungen?” In Staatsbankrott als Rechtsfrage, edited by K. von Lewinski, 5976. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2011.Google Scholar
Klinger, Jens (ed.). Das Dresdener Stadtbuch 1477–1495. Edition und Forschung (Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophie, Kunst- und Gesellschaftswissenschaften der Universität Regensburg). Regensburg, 2011.Google Scholar
Kroeschell, Karl. “Stadtrecht, -sfamilien.” Lexikon des Mittelalters, vol. VIII: Stadt (Byzantinisches Reich) bis Werl, cols. 24 ff. Munich: dtv, 2003.Google Scholar
Malanima, Paolo. L’Economia Italiana: Dalla Crescita Medievale alla Crescita Contemporanea. Bologna: Il Mulino, 2002.Google Scholar
Malanima, Paolo. “The Long Decline of a Leading Economy: GDP in Central and Northern Italy, 1300–1913.” European Review of Economic History 15, no. 2 (2011): 169219.Google Scholar
Masini, Roberta. “Gli investitori nei titoli di debito pubblico pontificio: categorie sociali, distribuzione delle quote, motivazioni di una scelta (XVII secolo).” In Debito Pubblico e Mercati Finanziari in Italia. Secoli XIII-XX, edited by Giuseppe De Luca and Angelo Moioli, 197214. Rome: Franco Angeli, 2007.Google Scholar
Michie, Ranald C. “The Invisible Stabiliser: Asset Arbitrage and the International Monetary System Since 1700.” Financial History Review 5, no. 1 (1998): 526.Google Scholar
Milhaud, Cyril. Fragmentation of Long-Term Credit Markets in Early Modern Spain? Composite Monarchies and Their Jurisdictions <hal-01365882>. 2016. Available at https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01365882..+2016.+Available+at+https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01365882.>Google Scholar
Mokyr, Joel. A Culture of Growth: The Origins of the Modern Economy. Princeton, Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2017.Google Scholar
Molho, Anthony. “The State and Public Finance: A Hypothesis Based on the History of Late Medieval Florence.” Journal of Modern History 67, Supplement (1995): 97135.Google Scholar
Moraw, Peter. Von offener Verfassung zu gestalteter Verdichtung: Das Reich im Späten Mittelalter 1250 bis 1490. Frankfurt, Berlin: Propyläen, 1989.Google Scholar
Munro, John H. “The Medieval Origin of the Financial Revolution: Usury, Rentes, and Negotiability.” International History Review 25, no. 3 (2003): 505562.Google Scholar
Munro, John H. “The Usury Doctrine and Urban Public Finances in Late-Medieval Flanders (1220–1550): Rentes, Excise Taxes, and Income Transfers from the Poor to the Rich.” Paper presented to the Washington Area Economic History Seminar at the University of Maryland Baltimore County, 2007.Google Scholar
Neal, Larry. “Integration of International Capital Markets: Quantitative Evidence from the Eighteenth to the Twentieth Centuries.” Journal of Economic History 45, no. 2 (1985): 219226.Google Scholar
Neal, Larry. “The Integration and Efficiency of the London and Amsterdam Stock Markets in the Eighteenth Century.” Journal of Economic History 47, no. 1 (1987): 97115.Google Scholar
Neal, Larry. The Rise of Financial Capitalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Neal, Larry. A Concise History of International Finance: From Babylon to Bernanke. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.Google Scholar
Obstfeld, Maurice, and Taylor, Alan M.. Global Capital Markets: Integration, Crisis, and Growth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Ogilvie, Sheilagh C. “Germany and the Seventeenth-Century Crisis.” Historical Journal 35, no. 2 (1992): 417441.Google Scholar
Pezzolo, Luciano. “Elogio della rendita: Sul debito pubblico degli stati italiani nel cinque e seicento.” Rivista di Storia Economica 12, no. 3 (1995): 283330.Google Scholar
Pezzolo, Luciano. “Bonds and Government Debt in Italian City-States, 1250–1650.” In The Origins of Value: The Financial Innovations that Created Modern Capital Markets, edited by William N. Goetzmann and K. Geert Rouwenhorst, 145164. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Pezzolo, Luciano, and Tattara, Giuseppe. “‘Una fiera senza luogo’: Was Bisenzone an International Capital Market in Sixteenth-Century Italy?” Journal of Economic History 68, no. 4 (2008): 10981122.Google Scholar
Poitras, Geoffrey. “Life Annuity Valuation: From de Witt and Halley to de Moivre and Simpson.” In Pioneers of Financial Economics: Contributions Prior to Irving Fisher, edited by Geoffrey Poitras, 7999. Cheltenham and Northampton, MA: Elgar, 2006.Google Scholar
Press, Volker. “Die Niederlande und das Reich in der Frühen Neuzeit.” In Etat et Religion aux XVe et XVIe Siècles: Actes du Colloque à Bruxelles du 9 au 12 Octobre 1984, edited by Wim P. Blockmans and Herman van Nüffel, 321338. Bruxelles: Archives générales du Royaume de Belgique, 1986.Google Scholar
Press, Volker. Kriege und Krisen: Deutschland 1600–1715. Munich: Beck, 1991.Google Scholar
Pugliese, Salvatore. “Condizioni economiche e finanziarie della Lombardia nella prima metà del secolo XVIII.” In Miscellanea di Storia Italiana, Terza Serie, Tomo XXI, 1495. Turin: Fratelli Bocca Librai di S. M., 1924. Available at http://digital.library.yale.edu/cdm/ref/collection/rebooks/id/55927.Google Scholar
Quarthal, Franz. “Verfassung und Verwaltung in südwestdeutschen Städten der Frühen Neuzeit.” In Recht, Verfassung und Verwaltung in der frühneuzeitlichen Stadt, edited by Michael Stolleis, 217239. Cologne: Böhlau, 1991.Google Scholar
Roeck, Bernd. Als die wollt die Welt schier brechen: Eine Stadt im Zeitalter des Dreißigjährigen Krieges. Munich: Beck, 1991.Google Scholar
Rosen, Josef. “Zins und Zinsaufwand in Basel 1360–1535.” In Wirtschaftskräfte und Wirtschaftswege: Festschrift für Hermann Kellenbenz, vol. 1: Mittelmeer und Kontinent, edited by Jürgen Schneider, 179202. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1978.Google Scholar
Schiavo, Stefano, Reyes, Javier, and Fagiolo, Giorgio. “International Trade and Financial Integration: A Weighted Network Analysis.” Quantitative Finance 10, no. 4 (2010): 389399.Google Scholar
Schmidt, Georg. “The State and the Nation of the Germans.” In The Holy Roman Empire: 1495–1806, edited by R.J.W. Evans, M. Schaich, and Peter H. Wilson, 4362. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.Google Scholar
Schubert, Eric S. “Innovations, Debts, and Bubbles: International Integration of Financial Markets in Western Europe, 1688–1720.” Journal of Economic History 48, no. 2 (1988): 299306.Google Scholar
Schultze, Alfred. “Über Gästerecht und Gastgerichte in den deutschen Städten des Mittelalters.” Historische Zeitschrift 101 (1908): 473528.Google Scholar
Schweinberger, Michael, and Snijders, Tom A.B.. “Settings in Social Networks: A Measurement Model.” Sociological Methodology 33, no. 1 (2003): 307341.Google Scholar
Sieveking, Heinrich. “Studio sulle finanze genovesi nel Medioevo e in particolare sulla Casa di S. Giorgio.” Translated by Onoro Soardi. Atti della Società Ligure di Storia Patria 35, no. 1. 1905.Google Scholar
Sprandel, Rolf. “Der städtische Rentenmarkt in Nordwestdeutschland im Spätmittelalter.” In Öffentliche Finanzen im späten Mittelalter und in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts, edited by Hermann Kellenbenz, 1423. Stuttgart: Fischer, 1971.Google Scholar
Spruyt, Hendrik. The Sovereign State and Its Competitors. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Stasavage, David. States of Credit: Size, Power, and the Development of European Polities. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2011.Google Scholar
Stumpo, Enrico “Città, stato e mercato finanziario: il diverso ruolo del debito pubblico in Piemonte e in Toscana.” In Debito Pubblico e Mercati Finanziari in Italia. Secoli XIII-Ü, edited by Giuseppe De Luca and Angelo Moioli, 147165. Rome: Franco Angeli, 2007.Google Scholar
Sylla, Richard. “Financial Systems and Economic Modernization.” Journal of Economic History 62, no. 2 (2002): 277292.Google Scholar
Tracy, James D. “On the Dual Origins of Long-Term Urban Debt in Medieval Europe.” In Urban Public Debts: Urban Government and the Market for Annuities in Western Europe (14th–18th Centuries), edited by Marc Boone, Karel Davids, and Paul Janssens, 1324. Tournhout: Brepols, 2003.Google Scholar
Van der Heijden, Manon. “State Formation and Urban Finances in Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Holland.” Journal of Urban History 33, no. 3 (2006): 429450.Google Scholar
Volckart, Oliver. “Politische Zersplitterung und Wirtschaftswachstum im Alten Reich, ca. 1650–1800.” Vierteljahrschrift für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte 86, no. 1 (1999): 138.Google Scholar
Volckart, Oliver. Wettbewerb und Wettbewerbsbeschränkung im vormodernen Deutschland 1000–1800. Tübingen: Mohr-Siebeck, 2002.Google Scholar
Westphal, Siegrid. Kaiserliche Rechtsprechung und herrschaftliche Stabilisierung: Reichsgerichtsbarkeit in den thüringischen Territorialstaaten 1648–1806. Cologne and Weimar: Böhlau, 2002.Google Scholar
Wüst, Wolfgang. Die “gute” Policey im Fränkischen Reichskreis. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 2003.Google Scholar
Zuijderduijn, C. Jaco. Medieval Capital Markets: Markets for Renten, State Formation and Private Investment in Holland (1300–1550). Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2009.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Chilosi et al. supplementary material

Online Appendices

Download Chilosi et al. supplementary material(File)
File 312.6 KB