Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-5nwft Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-18T22:17:39.262Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Evolution of Grain Legumes. II. Old And New World Pulses of Lesser Economic Importance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 October 2008

J. Smartt
J. Smartt
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Building 44, The University, Southampton S09 5NH, England
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

A consideration of the apparent lack of general success of minor pulse crops can lead to a better appreciation of the factors which have made the major pulses successful. The relevant factors are both biological and economic. High productivity based on an efficient physiology, amenability to local agronomic practices and a satisfactory range of ecological tolerance are prime prerequisites for success. Aspects of quality, palatability, lack of toxic factors (or ease of detoxification), ease of preparation and cooking and the more imponderable questions of consumer preference are equally important. If any of these prerequisites are not adequately met success in cultivation is improbable. At the present time the lack of more extensive success of the winged bean appears to be due to some deficiency in ecological tolerance, and of the horse-gram and jack and sword beans to a lack of palatability; the Hausa groundnut (Kersting's groundnut) suffers from a probably inefficient physiology while limited consumer acceptance has possibly restricted production of pigeonpea and hyacinth bean. The rather limited evolutionary advance achieved by this group of pulses is probably directly related to their somewhat restricted production and the relatively low level of selection pressures to which they have been subjected.

Type
Research Article
Information
Experimental Agriculture , Volume 21 , Issue 1 , January 1985 , pp. 1 - 18
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1985

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Arora, S. K. (1982). Legume carbohydrates. In Chemistry and Biochemistry of Legumes, 1–50 (Ed. Arora, S. K.). New Delhi: Oxford and IBH Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Bailey, C. J. & Boulter, D. (1971). Urease, a typical seed protein of the Leguminosae. In Chemotaxonomy of the Leguminosae, 485–502 (Eds Harborne, J. B., Boulter, D. and Turner, B. L.). London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Bailey, R. W. (1971). Polysaccharides in the Leguminosae. In Chemotaxonomy of the Leguminosae, 503–541 (Eds Harborne, J. B., Boulter, D. and Turner, B. L.). London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Bell, E. A. (1971). Comparative biochemistry of non-protein amino acids. In Chemotaxonomy of the Leguminosae, 179–206 (Eds Harborne, J. B., Boulter, D. and Turner, B. L.). London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Bell, E. A., Lackey, J. A. & Polhill, R. M. (1978). Systematic significance of canavanine in the Papilionoi-deae. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 6:201–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boulter, D. & Derbyshire, E. (1971). Taxonomic aspects of the structure of legume proteins. In Chemotaxonomy of the Leguminosae, 285–308 (Eds Harborne, J. B., Boulter, D. and Turner, B. L.). London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Burkill, I. H. (1906). Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (Goa bean). Goa beans in India. The Agricultural Ledger 4:51–64.Google Scholar
Burkill, I. H. (1935). A Dictionary of the Economic Products of the Malay Peninsula. London: Crown Agents.Google Scholar
Charavanapvan, C. (1943). The utilization of sword bean and jack bean as food. Tropical Agricultural Magazine. Ceylon Agricultural Society 99:157–159.Google Scholar
Courtois, J. E. & Percheron, F. (1971). Distribution des monosaccharides, oligo-saccharides et polyols. In Chemotaxonomy of the Leguminosae, 207–229 (Eds Harborne, J. B., Boulter, D. and Turner, B. L.). London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
De, D. N. (1974). Pigeon pea. In Evolutionary Studies in World Crops, 79–87 (Ed. Hutchinson, J. B.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
De Candolle, A. P. (1886). Origin of Cultivated Plants (2nd edition). New York: Hafner (reprint 1959).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deodikar, G. B. & Thakar, C. V. (1956). Cyto-taxonomic evidence for the affinity between Cajanus indicus Spreng, and certain erect species of Atylosia W. et A. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences (B) 43:37–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duke, J. A. (1981). Handbook of Legumes of World Economic Importance, New York: Plenum.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frahm-Leliveld, J. A. (1960). Chromosome numbers in leguminous plants. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 9:327–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldblatt, P. (1981). Cytology and the phytogeny of Leguminosae. In Advances in Legume Systematics, 427–463 (Eds Polhill, R. M. and Raven, P. H.). Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.Google Scholar
Gupta, Y. P. (1982). Nutritive value of food legumes. In Chemistry and Biochemistry of Legumes, 287–327 (Ed. Arora, S. K.). New Delhi: Oxford and IBH Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Haq, N. & Smartt, J. (1977). Chromosome complements in Psophocarpus spp. Tropical Grain Legume Bulletin 10:16–19.Google Scholar
Harborne, J. B. (1971). Terpenoids and other low molecular weight substances of systematic interest in the Leguminosae. In Chemotaxonomy of the Leguminosae, 257–283 (Eds Harborne, J. B., Boulter, D. and Turner, B. L.). London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Harlan, J. R. (1975). Crops and Man. Madison, Wisconsin: American Society of Agronomy.Google Scholar
Hepper, F. N. (1963). Plants of the 1957–8 West African Expedition: II The Bambara groundnut (Voan-dzeia subterranea) and Kerstings groundnut (Kerstingiella geocarpa) wild in West Africa. Kew Bulletin 16:395–407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hymowitz, T. (1972). The trans-domestication concept as applied to guar. Economic Botany 26:49–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hymowitz, T. & Boyd, J. (1977). Origin, ethnobotany and agricultural potential of the winged bean – Psophocarpus tetragonolobus. Economic Botany 31:180–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jolivet, E. & Mossé, J. (1982). Non-protein nitrogenous compounds with particular attention to ureides. In Chemistry and Biochemistry of Legumes, 111–193 (Ed. Arora, S. K.). New Delhi: Oxford and IBH Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Kajale, M. D. (1974). Plant economy at Bhokardan. In Excavations at Bhokardan (Bhogavardhann) 1973 2:7–224 (Eds Dev, S. B. and Gupta, R. S.). Nagpur University and Maharashtra University, India.Google Scholar
Kloz, J. (1971). Serology of the Leguminosae. In Chemotaxonomy of the Leguminosae, 309–365 (Eds Harborne, J. B., Boulter, D. and Turner, B. L.). London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Krishna, T. G. & Reddy, L. J. (1982). Species affinities between Cajanus cajan and some Atylosia species based on esterase iosoenzymes. Euphytica 31:709–713.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kumar, L. S. S., Thombre, M. V. & D'Cruz, R. (1958). Cytological studies of an intergeneric hybrid of Cajanus cajan (Linn.) Millsp. and Atylosia lineata, Ward A. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences 47:252–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lackey, J. A. (1977). A revised classification of the tribe Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) and its relation to canavanine distribution. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 74: 163–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lackey, J. A. (1981). Phaseoleae. In Advances in Legume Systematics, 301–327 (Eds Polhill, R. M. and Raven, P. H.). Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.Google Scholar
Liener, I. E. (1982). Toxic constituents in legumes. In Chemistry and Biochemistry of Legumes, 217–257 (Ed. Arora, S. K.). New Delhi: Oxford and IBH Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Linnaeus, C. (1753). Species Plantarum. Holmiae, Salvii.Google Scholar
McComb, J. A. (1975). Is intergeneric hybridization in the Leguminosae possible? Euphytica 24:497–502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mears, J. A. & Mabry, T. J. (1971). Alkaloids in the Leguminosae. In Chemotaxonomy of the Leguminosae, 73–178 (Eds Harborne, J. B., Boulter, D. and Turner, B. L.). London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Miège, J. (1960). Troisième liste des nombres chromosomiques d'espèces d'Afrique occidentale. Annates Faculté de Science, Université Dakar 5:75–85.Google Scholar
Mossé, J. & Pernollct, J. C. (1982). Storage proteins of legume seeds. In Chemistry and Biochemistry of Legumes, 111–193 (Ed. Arora, S. K.). New Delhi: Oxford and IBH Publishing Company.Google Scholar
NAS (National Academy of Sciences) (1975). Underexploited Tropical Plants with Promising Economic Value. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
NRC (National Research Council) (1981). The Winged Bean – a High Protein Crop for the Tropics (2nd edition). Washington D. C.: National Academy Press.Google Scholar
Pickersgill, B. (1980). Cytology of two species of winged bean, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus(L.) DC. and P. scandens (Endl.) Verdc. (Leguminosae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 80: 279–295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Purseglove, J. W. (1968). Tropical Crops: Dicotyledons. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Ramirez, D. A. (1960). Cytology of Philippines Plants V. Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (Linn.) DC. The Philippines Agriculturist 43:533–534.Google Scholar
Reddy, L. J. (1973). Interrelationships of Cajanus and Atylosia species asrevealed by hybridization and pachytene analysis (Unpublished Ph.D. thesis cited in van der Maesen, 1980).Google Scholar
Royes, W. V. (1976). Pigeon pea. In Evolution of Crop Plants, 154–156 (Ed. Simmonds, N. W.). London: Longman.Google Scholar
Salunkhe, D. K., Sathe, S. K. & Reddy, N. R. (1982). Legume lipids. In Chemistry and Biochemistry of Legumes, 51–109 (Ed. Arora, S. K.) New Delhi: Oxford and IBH Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Sauer, J. (1964). Revision of Canavalia. Brittonia 16:106–181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sikdar, A. K. & De, D. N. (1967). Cytological studies of two species of Atylosia. Bulletin of the Botanical Society of Bengal 1:25–28.Google Scholar
Smartt, J. (1980). Some observations on the origin and evolution of the winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus). Euphytica 29:121–123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smartt, J. (1984). Evolution of grain legumes. I. Mediterranean pulses. Experimental Agriculture 20:275–296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanton, W. R. (1966). Grain Legumes in Africa. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.Google Scholar
Sumner, J. B. (1919). The globulins of the jackbean, Canavalia ensiformis L. Biological Chemistry 37:137–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sumner, J. B. (1926). The recrystallization of urease. Journal of Biological Chemistry 70:97–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tindall, H. D. (1983). Vegetables in the Tropics. London: Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tixier, P. (1965). Données cytologiques sur quelques legumineuses cultivées ou spontanées du Vietnam et du Laos. Revue de Cytologie et de Biologie Vegetales 28:133–163.Google Scholar
Toms, G. C. & Western, A. (1971). Phytohaemagglutinins. In Chemotaxonomy of the Leguminosae, 367–462 (Eds Harborne, J. B., Boulter, D. and Turner, B. L.). London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Van der Maesen, L. J. G. (1980). India is the native home of the pigeon pea. Miscellaneous Papers 19:257–263. Wageningen: Landbouwhogeschool.Google Scholar
Verdcourt, B. (1970). Studies in the Leguminosae-Papilionoideae for the Flora of Tropical East Africa. III. Kew Bulletin 24:379–447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verdcourt, B.(1980). The classification of Dolichos L. emend. Verdc, Lablab Adans., Phaseolus L., Vigna Savi and their allies. In Advances in Legume Science, 45–48 (Eds Summerfield, R. J. and Bunting, A. H.). Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.Google Scholar
Verdcourt, B. (1982). A revision of Macrotyloma. Leguminosae. Hooker's Icones Plantarum 38(4):1–138.Google Scholar
Verdcourt, B. & Halliday, P. (1978). A revision of Psophocarpus (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae-Phaseoleae). Kew Bulletin 33:191–227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Westphal, E. (1974). Pulses in Ethiopia, their Taxonomy and Agricultural Significance. Wageningen: Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation.Google Scholar
Wolff, I. A. & Kwolek, W. F. (1971). Lipids of the Leguminosae. In Chemotaxonomy of the Leguminosae, 231–2551 (Eds Harborne, J. B., Boulter, D. and Turner, B. L.). London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Zeven, A. & Zhukovsky, P. M. (1975). Dictionary of Cultivated Plants and their Centres of Diversity: excluding Ornamentals, Forest Trees and Lower Plants. Wageningen: Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation.Google Scholar
Zhukovsky, P. M. (1975). World Gene Pool of Plants for Breeding. Leningrad: U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar