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10 - Trophoblast and pre-eclampsia

from General discussion II

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 August 2009

By
C. W. G. Redman ,
I. L. Sargent  and
E .A. Linton
Edited by
Ashley Moffett ,
Charlie Loke  and
Anne McLaren
C. W. G. Redman
Affiliation:
Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, UK
I. L. Sargent
Affiliation:
Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, UK
E .A. Linton
Affiliation:
Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, UK
Ashley Moffett
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Charlie Loke
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Anne McLaren
Affiliation:
Cancer Research, UK
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Summary

Introduction

In this chapter, the importance of trophoblast in generating the maternal signs and symptoms that comprise the syndrome of pre-eclampsia will be discussed, but not the processes of placentation in early pregnancy that may be important in the preclinical phases of the disorder. pre-eclampsia is a potentially dangerous and highly variable complication of the second half of pregnancy, labour or the early puerperium. It has been known for nearly 100 years that it originates in the placenta (Holland 1909). The presence of a placenta is both necessary and sufficient to cause the disorder (Redman 1991). A fetus is not required as pre-eclampsia can occur with hydatidiform mole (Chun et al. 1964). A uterus is probably not required because pre-eclampsia may develop with abdominal pregnancy (Piering et al. 1993). Central to management is delivery, which removes the causative organ, namely the placenta.

The maternal illness of pre-eclampsia was originally thought to be caused primarily by generalised maternal endothelial activation and dysfunction (Roberts et al. 1989). Later this concept was broadened by incorporating endothelial dysfunction as one of several components of a maternal systemic inflammatory response in pre-eclampsia (Redman et al. 1999).

A key feature is that systemic inflammation is not only characteristic of the pre-eclamptic woman but an intrinsic part of every normal pregnancy, which becomes most evident in the third trimester (Redman et al. 1999). The inflammatory response of pre-eclampsia does not differ in type, but only in degree, being more intense.

Type
Chapter
Information
Biology and Pathology of Trophoblast , pp. 194 - 222
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2006

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  • Trophoblast and pre-eclampsia
    • By C. W. G. Redman, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, UK, I. L. Sargent, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, UK, E .A. Linton, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, UK
  • Edited by Ashley Moffett, University of Cambridge, Charlie Loke, University of Cambridge, Anne McLaren, Cancer Research, UK
  • Book: Biology and Pathology of Trophoblast
  • Online publication: 07 August 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511545207.015
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  • Trophoblast and pre-eclampsia
    • By C. W. G. Redman, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, UK, I. L. Sargent, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, UK, E .A. Linton, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, UK
  • Edited by Ashley Moffett, University of Cambridge, Charlie Loke, University of Cambridge, Anne McLaren, Cancer Research, UK
  • Book: Biology and Pathology of Trophoblast
  • Online publication: 07 August 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511545207.015
Available formats
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  • Trophoblast and pre-eclampsia
    • By C. W. G. Redman, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, UK, I. L. Sargent, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, UK, E .A. Linton, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, UK
  • Edited by Ashley Moffett, University of Cambridge, Charlie Loke, University of Cambridge, Anne McLaren, Cancer Research, UK
  • Book: Biology and Pathology of Trophoblast
  • Online publication: 07 August 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511545207.015
Available formats
×