Limited information is available on the health outcomes of the rural older population in developing countries is affected by disasters. In October 2010, Hainan Province experienced severe flooding following heavy rains. Nearly four million people were affected and many had undergone resettlement. This study investigated the impacts of the flooding on people living in the disaster-affected rural communities. The findings were compared with baseline information collected in 2010 about health issues in rural villages in Hainan. Health outcome comparisons also were made between ethnic groups (Han versus Li).

A two-stage cluster-sampling, cross-sectional post-disaster study was conducted. The entire Hainan Island was categorized into ranks of different severity in rainfall amount and associated damage in October (most severe, intermediate, least severe). The county with the most rainfall and the most severe ranking and the one with least rainfall and the least severe ranking were identified. In each county, one Han and one Li village were chosen by using a computer-generated random number, so four villages were sampled in total. More than 100 individuals ≥ 50 years of age were interviewed by face-to-face survey. Data on disaster-related injuries, socio-demographic information, non-communicable disease, lifestyle, and mental health were collected.

Findings indicated the severity of impact was associated with self-reported health outcomes of older population. Gender and ethnic differences were found in reported health outcomes. Predictors of adverse post-disaster health outcomes in older populations in rural communities were identified.

The results demonstrated significant differences in the impacts of flooding in rural populations. Targeted services and interventions should be planned to address the disparity and meet the physical and mental health needs post-disaster.