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12 - Viruses transmitted by ticks

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 August 2009

By
M. Labuda  and
P. A. Nuttall
Edited by
Alan S. Bowman  and
Patricia A. Nuttall
M. Labuda
Affiliation:
Institute of ZoologySlovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava Slovakia
P. A. Nuttall
Affiliation:
Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB UK
Alan S. Bowman
Affiliation:
University of Aberdeen
Patricia A. Nuttall
Affiliation:
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Swindon
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Summary

INTRODUCTION

Ticks transmit a wide variety of arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses). Tick-borne viruses are found in six different viral families (Asfarviridae, Reoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Bunyaviridae, Flaviviridae) and at least nine genera. Some as yet unassigned tick-borne viruses may belong to a seventh family, the Arenaviridae. With only one exception (African swine fever virus) all tick-borne viruses (as well as all other arboviruses) are RNA viruses. Some tick-borne viruses pose a significant threat to the health of humans (tick-borne encephalitis virus, Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever virus) or livestock (African swine fever virus, Nairobi sheep disease virus). This chapter first considers the characteristics of ticks important in virus transmission and then presents an overview of the tick-borne members of different virus families.

TICKS AS VECTORS OF ARBOVIRUSES

Ticks are not insects. The significance of this statement is considered in a review of the marked contrasts between the biology of ticks and that of insects, and the consequences for their potential to transmit micro-organisms (Randolph, 1998). Interestingly, tick-borne viruses are found in all the RNA virus families in which insect-borne members are found, with the exception of the family Togaviridae. Virus–tick–vertebrate host relationships are highly specific, and fewer than 10% of all tick species (Argasidae and Ixodidae) are known to play a role as vectors of arboviruses. However, a few tick species transmit several (e.g. Ixodes ricinus, Amblyomma variegatum) or many (I. uriae) tick-borne viruses.

Type
Chapter
Information
Ticks
Biology, Disease and Control
 , pp. 253 - 280
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

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  • Viruses transmitted by ticks
    • By M. Labuda, Institute of ZoologySlovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava Slovakia, P. A. Nuttall, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB UK
  • Edited by Alan S. Bowman, University of Aberdeen, Patricia A. Nuttall
  • Book: Ticks
  • Online publication: 21 August 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511551802.013
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  • Viruses transmitted by ticks
    • By M. Labuda, Institute of ZoologySlovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava Slovakia, P. A. Nuttall, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB UK
  • Edited by Alan S. Bowman, University of Aberdeen, Patricia A. Nuttall
  • Book: Ticks
  • Online publication: 21 August 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511551802.013
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Viruses transmitted by ticks
    • By M. Labuda, Institute of ZoologySlovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava Slovakia, P. A. Nuttall, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB UK
  • Edited by Alan S. Bowman, University of Aberdeen, Patricia A. Nuttall
  • Book: Ticks
  • Online publication: 21 August 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511551802.013
Available formats
×