Elsevier

Microbes and Infection

Volume 4, Issue 9, July 2002, Pages 897-901
Microbes and Infection

Forum in Immunology
CpG DNA: recognition by and activation of monocytes

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Abstract

Unmethylated CpG motifs present in bacterial DNA rapidly trigger an innate immune response characterized by the activation of Ig- and cytokine-secreting cells. Synthetic oligonucleotides (ODNs) containing CpG motifs mimic this activity, triggering monocytes to proliferate, secrete and/or differentiate. Analysis of hundreds of novel ODNs led to the identification of two structurally distinct classes of CpG motif that differentially activate human monocytes. ODNs of the “K”-type interact with Toll-like receptor 9 and induce monocytes to proliferate and secrete IL-6. In contrast, “D”-type ODNs trigger monocytes to differentiate into mature dendritic cells.

Keywords

CpG DNA
Monocytes
Activation

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