Platinum recovery from dilute platinum solutions using activated carbon

doi:10.1016/S1003-6326(11)61091-1

Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China

Volume 21, Issue 11, November 2011, Pages 2554-2558

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(11)61091-1 Get rights and content

Abstract

Platinum adsorption on activated carbon, a common adsorbent, from dilute platinum-containing solution of 57.6 mg/L was investigated. The effects of different adsorption parameters on the platinum adsorption were reported in detail. The percentage of platinum adsorption increased with increasing the amount of adsorbent, as well as with increasing contact time and temperature. A platinum adsorption of 75% was obtained using 400 mg of activated carbon at a shaking rate of 200 r/min for 3 h at 25 °C. A platinum adsorption of 88%, however, was obtained at 80 °C using 200 mg of activated carbon within only 1 h, which indicates that temperature plays a vital role in the adsorption process. A platinum adsorption of 99% or above was attained using 400 mg of activated carbon after contact for 3 h at 80 °C.

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For this reason, there were no desorption studies conducted as there was no intention of reusing the adsorbent. Generally, the adsorption efficiencies observed in the study are higher than what has been observed using commercial and other functionalised adsorbents at temperatures less than 35 °C of which most had recovery efficiencies around 70% (Parajuli et al., 2007; Xiong et al., 2009; Aktas and Morcali, 2011). It should be noted here that the value recovery provided is simplistic and not exhaustive as other costs such as labour and other overheads have not been included.
The recovery of platinum group elements (PGEs) which are normally lost during processing, can add value especially in times of declining commodities prices, high operational costs and weak economic growth. The recovery of platinum (Pt(IV)) from aqueous solutions with zeolite functionalised with hydrazine monohydrochloride (NH₂NH₂·HCl) was studied. The zeolite was characterised with powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The effect of pH (2–9), concentration (0.5–10 mg L⁻¹), contact time (0–540 min), adsorbent dosage (50–500 mg), competing ions (Fe³⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, Co^2+, Ni²⁺, Hf⁴⁺, Zn²⁺ and PGEs) on the recovery of Pt(IV) was studied. The recovery of Pt(IV) was found to be more effective in acidic pH (2–5). The adsorption capacity increased with concentration from 0.5 mg L⁻¹ to 5 mg L⁻¹ and remained constant beyond 5 mg L⁻¹. A slight increase (9%) in the adsorption capacity of Pt(IV) was observed in the presence of competing ions which could be due to the synergistic Pt-Fe interaction. The experimental data was best described by Langmuir isotherm model (R² > 0.99), indicating a monolayer adsorption. The adsorption behaviour was best described by pseudo second-order kinetic model (R² > 0.99), implying a chemisorption process through Pt-N interaction. A cost-benefit analysis was done and indicated that ∼120 g Pt can be recovered per kg adsorbent and this would amount to around $3355 profit under the optimum conditions. These findings demonstrate the potential of this adsorbent for use in recovering low level concentrations of Pt and other PGEs.

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Platinum recovery from dilute platinum solutions using activated carbon

Abstract

Journal of Hazardous Materials

Bioresource Technology

Hydrometallurgy

Hydrometallurgy

Rare Metals

Talanta

Hydrometallurgy

Analytica Chimica Acta

Separation and Purification Technology

Journal of Hazardous Materials

Journal of Hazardous Materials

Chemical Engineering Journal