Basic scienceCarbon tetrachloride-induced nephrotoxicity and protective effect of betaine in Sprague-Dawley rats
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Animals and experimental groups
Thirty-two adult Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 175 to 225 g were used in this study. The rats were randomly divided into four groups and were treated as follows. The control group (n = 8) was given subcutaneous (SC) injections of olive oil (1 mL/kg) and intragastric administration of water (0.7 mL/kg), daily for 11 days. The betaine group (n = 8) was given SC olive oil (1 mL/kg) and 0.7 mL intragastric concentrated betaine solution (830 mg/kg betaine dissolved in water) daily for 11 days. The CCl
Results
The results of the statistical evaluation of renal SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT activities are shown in Table I. When compared with the control group, SOD and CAT activities were significantly elevated in the CCl4 group (P <0.01). The SOD activities of the betaine and CCl4 + betaine groups were not significantly different from that of the control group. However, CAT activity was found to be greater in the CCl4 + betaine group than in the control group (P <0.01). GSH-Px activity in the CCl4 group was
Comment
Kidney failure is one of the leading causes of death in CCl4 intoxication. However, the published data on CCl4 nephrotoxicity are scanty. The effects of CCl4 on hepatocytes has been widely studied,2, 3, 4, 5 and according to these studies, the toxic effect of CCl4 on hepatocyte is due to its metabolic conversion by the NADPH-cytochrome P450 metabolizing enzyme system to the highly reactive toxic free radical CCl3. The free radicals cause the peroxidation of the polyenoic lipids of the
Conclusions
In the present study, we found that CCl4 causes renal damage in rats. Glomerular and cortical tubular necrosis were detected in CCl4-treated rats. CCl4 significantly altered SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT levels, indicating that oxygen radicals play an important role in CCl4-induced renal damage. Betaine treatment normalized SOD and GSH-Px enzyme levels and improved the CCl4-induced histologic changes.
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